阅读技能训练 -- 猜测词义

1. 阅读技能训练 -- 猜测词义 How to Guess the Meaning of Words 汪 慧 颖 K三（10）班 April 21

2. 高考对阅读理解能力测试的主要要求： • 1.Master the main idea of a whole passage; • 2.Understand the specific details and abstract conceptions; • 3.Get the deep meaning of words or sentences, including the writer’s intention, attitude and so on; • 4.Understand the relationship between sentences and paragraphs; • 5.Be able to guess the meaning of new words or phrases according to the students’ common sense and information offered by the passage.

3. 常用的阅读方法： 一、顺读法：通读全文－阅读问题－重点查看 二、逆读法：阅读提干－通读全文－细看选项－重点查看 三、跳读法：浏览小标题－阅读提干－阅读文章 (for passages not too long, questions concerned with whole understanding or deep understanding) (for long passages with much irrelevant information, questions mainly about details or facts) (For long passages with subtitles or passages in the form of diagrams) (scanning skimming intensive reading)

4. 1.事实细节题 阅读理解题型 2.主旨大意题 3.推理判断题 4.猜测词义题

5. If you come across the new words when reading, What will you do ?

6. 1.定义法 Guess the Meaning of the Word 1.It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily. 2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year. 3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year. 脆的 牧人 日历 小结 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示

7. 2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET) 无条件的，绝对的 unconditional: nonjudgmental: 没有判断力的

8. er or ian ist ese ess 后缀,构成可数名词 ment tion ness sion ery ing 后缀,构成抽象名词

9. 重复 re co mini over super pre post vice en tele 共同,平等 dis in mis un non 小 过度 否定前缀 其它前缀 超出 ---前 ---后 副的 使--可能 远程

10. al an ble ern ful ish ive less y ly ous 动词后缀 en ize ify encourage realize 形容词后缀 satisfy

11. What does the word “shoplifter” mean? • 商店里的小偷 B.商店里的推销员 • C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …

12. 3. 根据同义词，反义词关系 1.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. 2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 3. In many nations there are two financial  extremes, from penuryto great wealth． 取代 不同意 非常贫穷 and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。 小结

13. 4. 根据同位语关系 Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 2. We are on the night shift ----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week. 语言学 夜班

14. Guess the meaning of the word 5. 根据因果关系 • All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key. • She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossedin her reading. 徒劳的 全神贯注 常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so … that, such … that therefore等)表示前因后果。 小结

15. 6.根据对比和转折关系 Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 热的 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。 小结

16. 7. 根据上下文线索 1.The weather in Hawaii is always mild. It is pleasant and warm. There is usually a light wind to cool the air. 2. Instantly，we were busily preparing for the worst. The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops．There was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again．My older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above river．If the river flooded，they should be safe there． 58．The underlined word "stock" in the third paragraph refers to_________. A. money owned by the family B．goods for sale C. supplies for family use D．farm animals (06江西卷) 温和的

17. 3. The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent. One of its most obvious characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious（臭名昭著的）pest. Hunters trapped, shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s.It’s still one of America’s most hunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?” I guess if you wanted to use one word, it’d be‘plasticity’.” says Eric Gese, an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves, hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles, and live on all sorts of food, from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons. 63. The underlined word “plasticity” in Para. 2refers to___. A. the ability to fit the environment B. notorious smartness C. hunting ability D. being human-tolerant (06湖南卷)

18. Guess the meaning 8. 根据生活常识 1. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 嫁妆

19. 2. Best of alt each program is put together by professional broadcasters journalists, and editors who have a strong interest in European languages and cultures. That enthusiasm comes through in every edition. From New York to London to Singapore? the users tell us no company produces a better product for language learners at all levels Ring for more information, or order at www. audiomagazine. com. We guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it's not for you; let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburse you. 59. What does the underlined part "reimburse you" probably mean? A. Return the money you paid. B. Change the product you bought. C. Offer you a free repair. D. Guarantee you the quality. (06湖北卷)

20. How to guess the meaning of words?

21. 猜测词义题常见设问方式: 1. The word “...” refers to/probably means…… 2. The underlined word “…”could best be replaced by…… 3. What do you think the expression “…”stands for……? 4. By saying “…”,we mean…… 5. “…”,as used in the passage can best be defined as …… 6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”? 7. The underlined phrase “…”is closet in meaning to…..? 8. The underlined word “..” roughly means…?

22. 巩固练习 1. She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long. 2. Although people in many countries consider raw meat delicious, we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 3.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 修剪 生的，未加工的 麻醉剂

23. 4. B (06江西卷) The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display．As he began putting them into his bag，a dog came into the room．It stopped when it saw Buster，then wagged its tail madly and went over to．him，licking his outstretched hand．"Good boy,” Buster whispered． “What a great guard dog you are—trying to lick me to death.” 61. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph? A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming. D. Foreign and unusual.

24. 5. A (06福建卷) Most of my foreign friends here work full-time for big English conversation schools. The salary is fine to live on. But whether you can save money depends on how much going out and traveling you do here. The schools are reluctant to take time off –even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.59. The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage may probably mean_____. A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless

25. Homework • 1. Go over what we learned in this period. • 2. Finish additional exercises