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Earth Systems 3209

Earth Systems 3209. Reference: Chapters 1, 17 and Appendix A. Unit: 1 Introduction to Earth Science – The Evolution of Planet Earth. Unit 1: Topic 1.1. Branches of Earth Science. Focus on . . . Identify the major branches of Earth Science Identify the various fields within each branch

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Earth Systems 3209

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  1. Earth Systems 3209 Reference: Chapters 1, 17 and Appendix A Unit: 1 Introduction to Earth Science –The Evolution of Planet Earth

  2. Unit 1: Topic 1.1 Branches of Earth Science Focus on . . . • Identify the major branches of Earth Science • Identify the various fields within each branch • Relate the branches to other scientific fields

  3. Branches of Earth Science Earth Science is the name for all the sciences that collectively seek to understand Earth and its neighbours in space. Different branches study the different parts of Earth; 1) Solid Earth 3) Gaseous Earth 2) Liquid Earth 4) Space

  4. Solid Earth Geology – study of the solid Earth • Divided into two broad areas; 1) Physical Geology - examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand processes that operate beneath and upon its surface. 2) Historical Geology – seeks an understanding of the origin of Earth and the development of the planet through its 4.6 billion year history.

  5. Solid Earth Crystallography – study of the arrangement of atoms in solids Mineralology – study of minerals Volcanology – study of volcanic activity Petrology – study of the origin, composition and structure of rocks Sedimentology – study of sediment and the processes involved in their deposition

  6. Solid Earth Stratigraphy – study of rock layering Geomorphology – study of landscape features on Earth Paleontology – study of fossils and life on Earth Seismology – study of earthquakes and seismic waves

  7. Liquid Earth Oceanography • study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena • study of the composition and movements of sea water, as . well as coastal processes, seafloor topography, and marine life Hydrology • study of Earth’s fresh water systems • including, rivers, streams, and groundwater

  8. Gaseous Earth Meteorology – study of the atmosphere; weather and climate Space Astronomy – the scientific study of the universe and the relationship between Earth and the universe. It focuses on the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies in space.

  9. Connections with other Sciences ….. • the study of fossils (i.e. paleontology) demonstrates the evolution of life, which is clearly related to biology • the study of rock and mineral compositions would utilize chemistry • the forces that create faults and folds would be studied through physics

  10. Example 1: Which of the following branches of Earth Science focus on the study of atmospheric conditions? (A) astronomy (B) meteorology (C) seismology (D) paleontology

  11. Example 2: Which branch of Earth Science focuses on the study of fossils? (A) astronomy (B) meteorology (C) palaeontology (D) seismology

  12. Your Turn . . . Take the time and complete the following questions . . .(Solutions to follow) Questions: Which branch of Earth Science focuses on the study of Earth’s water systems? (A) hydrology (B) palaeontology (C) petrology (D) seismology Which branch of Earth Science would most likely study the origin of meteorites? (A) astronomy (B) geology (C) meteorology (D) oceanography

  13. Solutions . . . Questions: Which branch of Earth Science focuses on the study of Earth’s water systems? (A) hydrology (B) palaeontology (C) petrology (D) seismology Which branch of Earth Science would most likely study the origin of meteorites? (A) astronomy (B) geology (C) meteorology (D) oceanography

  14. Common Errors and Misconceptions • Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere which focuses on weather and climate, whereas, meteorites fall under the study of astronomy. • The impact meteorites have on Earth’s surface falls under the study of Geology.

  15. Summary . . . Overview of Points covered:

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