Pg. 172-173

1. Pg. 172-173

2. Emancipation Proclamation • The Emancipation Proclamation did not give slaves instant freedom. • The order from President Lincoln was only for the states that left the Union – not for the four border states. • Until Union troops were sent to the South to see the order was carried out, many people remained enslaved.

3. Northern Victories • In the months that followed the Emancipation Proclamation, (January 1, 1863) the North seemed to be winning the war – but the war was far from over. • The order gave new hope to Africans and a new spirit to the North.

4. Africans and the War • Africans had fought to defend the U.S. since the Revolutionary War. • Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave, was the first man to die for American freedom at the Boston Massacre. • By the start of the Civil War, blacks were not allowed to serve in the army.

5. Africans and the War • As the war went on, many Africans decided to form their own regiments to fight for the Union. • They asked Congress to let them enlist. • In 1862, with no end to the war in sight and fewer white soldiers joining the army, Congress agreed. • More than 186,000 Africans signed up.

10. Africans and the War • Africans were not paid as much as white soldiers. • Black soldiers were paid $10 per month from which $3 was automatically deducted for clothing, resulting in a net pay of $7. • In contrast, white soldiers received $13 per month from which no clothing allowance was drawn. • Blacks were given poor equipment. • They often ran out of supplies. • Confederate soldiers would often enslave or kill any African soldiers they captured.

11. Against All Odds • Africans proved themselves in battle. • They led raids behind Confederate lines. • They served as spies and scouts. • Africans served in almost every battle. • Around 40,000 African soldiers lost their lives defending the Union. (30,000 of infection and disease)