Environmental Problems in Pancevo Industrial Zone: Challenges and Solutions

1. Pančevo industrial zone, environmental problems and challenges Vladimir P. Beškoski Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia， Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

2. Serbia - geography

4. NATO bombing in 1999

6. Bombings and Chemical Release at Pancevo HIP Petrohemija • Vinyl chloride storage tank was hit and the 440 metric tons of material that was stored in it burned • 2,100 metric tons of 1,2-dichloroethane was spilled • 8 metric tons of metallic mercury was released into the environment (Most of the material that was spilled onto the soil was recovered, but that is not the case for the mercury that was spilled into the Channel) • The transformer station at the factory was also damaged during this attack polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were released from the transformer NIS Oil Refinery • Approximately 62,000 metric tons of crude oil and oil products burned and 5,000 to 7,000 metric tons leaked onto the soil and into the sewer system. The spills resulted in 100,000 square meters (10 hectares) of contaminated soil within the refinery complex. HIP Azotara • 250 metric tons of ammonia was intentionally dumped directly into the wastewater canal to prevent it from being released into the atmosphere after an explosion. Sriram Gopal and Nicole Deller, Precision Bombing, Widespread Harm Two Case Studies of the Bombings of Industrial Facilities at Pancevo and Kragujevac During Operation Allied Force, Yugoslavia 1999

8. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Jovica Vasin, Petar Sekulić, Darinka Bogdanović, Mira Pucarević, Contamination levels of non-agricultural and industrial soils in the Vojvodina Province, 2002

9. The PAH levels in the atmosphere ranged from 8 to 15 ng m−3 for the sum of 16 EPA PAHs in Croatia, from 3 to 210 ng m−3 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and from 10 to 1 290 ng m−3 in Serbia (highest concentrations were measured in Pancevo). Jana Klánová, Jiří Kohoutek, Romana Kostrhounová, Ivan Holoubek, Are the residents of former Yugoslavia still exposed to elevated PCB levels due to the Balkan wars? Part 1: air sampling in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Environment International 33 (2007) 719–726

10. The sum of HCHs was between 26 and 322 pg m−3, the sum of p,p′-DDT, DDD, and DDE between 14 and 519 pg m−3, and concentration of hexachlorobenzene between 39 and 216 pg m−3, with the highest concentrations for all compounds measured in Serbia (Kragujevac and Pancevo). Jana Klánová, Jiří Kohoutek, Romana Kostrhounová, Ivan Holoubek, Are the residents of former Yugoslavia still exposed to elevated PCB levels due to the Balkan wars? Part 1: air sampling in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Environment International 33 (2007) 719–726

11. Sonja Kaisarevic, Nebojsa Andric, Stanka Bobic, Jelena Trickovic, Ivana Teodorovic, Mirjana Vojinovic-Miloradov, Radmila Z. Kovacevic, Detection of Dioxin-like Contaminants in Soil from the Area of Oil Refineries in Vojvodina Region of Serbia, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2007) 79:422–426

12. Branimir Jovančićević & Miroslav Vrvić & Jan Schwarzbauer & Hermann Wehner & Georg Scheeder & Dragomir Vitorović, Organic-geochemical Differentiation of Petroleum-type Pollutants and Study of Their Fate in Danube Alluvial Sediments and Corresponding Water (Pančevo Oil Refinery, Serbia), Water Air Soil Pollut (2007) 183:225–238 Vladimir P. Beškoski, Miloš Takić, Jelena Milić, Mila Ilić, Gordana Gojgić-cvijović, Branimir Jovančićević and Miroslav M. Vrvić, Change of isoprenoids, steranes and terpanes during ex situ bioremediation of mazut on the industrial scale, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (11) 1605–1616 (2010)

17. The wastewater canal (WWC) in Pancevo, 20 km downstream Belgrade, collects wastewaters of a big industrial complex consisting of a petrochemical factory, an oil refinery and a chemical fertilizer factory, and drains into the River Danube. The WWC is about 2 km long, 70 m wide and has a water depth of 1–2 m during mean flow of the River Danube. The results confirmed long term pollution from the industrial complex, especially consisting of mercury, dichloro ethylene, petroleum hydrocarbon components, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; 0.8– 1.6 102 ng g1) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 18–65 102 ng g1) (UNEP, 1999a,b), while polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs; 0.04 ng g1) and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-furans (PCDFs; 2.1 ng g1) have been found in soil samples from the canal landside end (UNEP, 1999c).

18. Countermeasure, counter plan for pollution reduction. How to reduce environmental & health risk? What is current problem and challenge?

19. AN AUTOMATED AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN INDUSTRIAL ZONE OF PANCEVO

21. Remediation measures applied • Solidification • Ex situ and In situ Bioremediation • Pump and treat • Exporting and incineration

22. Thank you for your attention