History Radio play (Mandela)

1. History Radio play(Mandela) Class:3C Name: Chiu Ka Man (7) Hui Sum Yi (10) Hui Yan Hei (11) Lee Chun Tung (14) Lee Hin Tone (15) Ng KamYuet (22)

2. Time line • Year Date Event • 1918 July 18 Born Rolihlahla Mandela at Mvezo in the Transkei • 1925 Attends primary school near Qunu (receives the name ‘Nelson’ from a teacher) • 1930 Father dies.* Entrusted to Thembu Regent JongintabaDalindyebo at the age of 12 • *While the autobiography Long Walk to Freedom places Madiba’s father’s death in 1927, historical evidence shows it must have been later, most likely 1930. In fact, the original Long Walk to Freedom manuscript (written on Robben Island) states the year as 1930. • 1934 Undergoes initiation; Attends Clarkebury Boarding Institute in Engcobo • 1937 Attends Healdtown, the Wesleyan College at Fort Beaufort • 1939 Enrols at the University College of Fort Hare, in Alice • 1940 Expelled • 1941 Escapes an arranged marriage; becomes a mine night watchman; Starts articles at the law firm Witkin, Sidelsky & Eidelman

3. Time line • 1942 Completes BA through the University of South Africa (UNISA) • 1942 Begins to attend African National Congress (ANC) meetings informally • 1943 Graduates with BA from Fort Hare; Enrols for an LLB at Wits University • 1944 Co-founds the ANC Youth League (ANCYL); marries Evelyn NtokoMase – they have four children: Thembekile (1945); Makaziwe (1947 – who dies after nine months); Makgatho (1950); Makaziwe (1954) • 1948 Elected national secretary of the ANCYL • 1951 Elected President of the ANCYL • 1952 Defiance Campaign begins; Arrested and charged for violating the Suppression of Communism Act; Elected Transvaal ANC President; Convicted with J.S Moroka, Walter Sisulu and 17 others under the Suppression of Communism Act; Sentenced to nine months imprisonment with hard labour, suspended for two years; Elected first of ANC deputy presidents; Opens South Africa’s first black law firm with Oliver Tambo • 1953 Devises the M-Plan for the ANC’s future underground operations • 1955 Watches as the Congress of the People at Kliptown launches the Freedom Charter

4. Time line • 1956 Arrested and joins 155 others on trial for Treason. All are acquitted by 29 March 1961 • 1958 Divorces Evelyn Mase; Marries Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela – they have two daughters: Zenani (1959) and Zindzi (1960) • 1960 March 21 Sharpeville Massacre • March 30 A State of Emergency imposed and he is among thousands detained • April 8 The ANC is banned • 1961 Goes underground; UmkhontoweSizwe (MK) is formed • 1962 January 11 Leaves the country for military training and to garner support for the ANC • July 23 Returns to South Africa • August 5 Arrested near Howick in KwaZulu-Natal • November 7 Sentenced to five years in prison for incitement and leaving the country without a passport

5. Time line • 1963 May 27 Sent to Robben Island • June 12 • Returned to Pretoria Local Prison • October 9 Appears in court for the first time in what becomes known as the Rivonia Trial, with Walter Sisulu, Denis Goldberg, Govan Mbeki, Ahmed Kathrada, Lionel 'Rusty' Bernstein, Raymond Mhlaba, James Kantor, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni • December 3 Pleads not guilty to sabotage in what becomes known as the Rivonia Trial • 1964 June 11 All except Rusty Bernstein and James Kantor are convicted and sentenced (June 12) to life • June 13 Arrives on Robben Island • 1969 July 13 Thembekile is killed in a car accident • 1982 March 31 Mr Mandela, Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba and Andrew Mlangeni and later Ahmed Kathrada are sent to Pollsmoor Prison • 1985 February 10 Rejects, through his daughter, Zindzi, South African President PW Botha's offer to release him if he renounces violence

6. Time line • 1985 November 3 Admitted to the Volks Hospital for prostate surgery • November 23 Discharged from Volks Hospital and returned to Pollsmoor Prison • 1988 August 12 Admitted to Tygerberg Hospital where he is diagnosed with Tuberculosis • August 31 Admitted to ConstantiabergMediClinic • December 7 Moved to Victor Verster Prison in Paarl where he was held for 14 months in a cottage • 1990 February 2 ANC is unbanned • 1990 February 11 Released • March 2 Elected ANC Deputy President • 1993 December 10 Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with FW de Klerk • 1994 April 27 Votes for the first time in his life

7. Time line • May 9 Elected by Parliament as first president of a democratic South Africa • May 10 Inaugurated as President of the Republic of South Africa • December 14 • Launches his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom • 1995 Establishes the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund • 1996 Divorces Winnie Mandela • 1998 July 18 Marries GraçaMachel on his 80th birthday • 1999 Steps down after one term as President, establishes the Nelson Mandela Foundation • 2001 Diagnosed with prostate cancer • 2003 Establishes the Mandela Rhodes Foundation • 2004 June 1 Announces that he will be stepping down from public life

8. Time line • 2005 January 6 Announces that his eldest son Makgatho had died of AIDS • 2007 April 13 Attends the installation of his grandson Mandla as chief of the Mvezo Traditional Council • 2008 July 18 Turns 90 years old, asks future generations to continue the fight for social justice • 2009 Votes for the fourth time in his life; Attends the inauguration of President Jacob Zuma on May 9 and witnesses Zuma's first State of the Nation address; Turns 91 • 2010 Is formally presented with the Fifa World Cup trophy before it embarks on a tour of South Africa • 2010 June 11 His great-granddaughter Zenani is killed in a car accident • 2010 June 17 Attends the funeral of his great-granddaughter Zenani • 2010 July 11 Makes a surprise appearance at the Final of the Fifa World Cup in Soweto • 2010 July Celebrates his 92nd birthday at home in Johannesburg with family and friends

9. Time Line • 2010 October 12 His second book Conversations with Myself is published • 2010 November 18 Meets the South African and American football teams that played in the Mandela Challenge match • 2011 January Is admitted to hospital in Johannesburg where he was diagnosed with a chest infection. He is discharged after two nights • 2011 May 16 Votes in the local government elections • 2011 June 27 His book Nelson Mandela By Himself: The Authorised Book of Quotations is launched • 2011 June 21 Is visited at home by American First Lady Michelle Obama and her daughters Sasha and Malia • 2011 July 18 Celebrates his 93rd birthday with his family in Qunu, Eastern Cape • 2011 October 21 Is officially counted in South Africa’s Census 2011

10. Time Line • 2011 December 25 Spends Christmas with family in Qunu • 2012 February 25 Admitted to hospital for abdominal complaint • February 26 Discharged from hospital • 2012 July 18 • Celebrates his 94th birthday with his family in Qunu, Eastern Cape • December 8 • Is admitted to hospital • December 26 • Is discharged from hospital • 2013 January 1 Spends New Year’s Day with members of his family in Johannesburg • March 9 Is admitted to hospital • March 10 Is discharged from hospital

11. Time Line • March 27 Is admitted to hospital • April 6 Is discharged from hospital • June 8 Is admitted to hospital • July 18 Spends his 95th birthday in hospital • September 1 Is discharged from hospital • December 5 Dies 5th December 2013

12. Quotes • Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. • I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. • For to be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others • A good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination • It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership • If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.

13. Photo De Klerk and Mandela shake hands at the Theinside of Mandela's prison cell as it was when he was World Economic Forum, 1992 imprisoned in 1964 and his open cell window facing the prison yard on Robben Island, now a national and World Heritage Site. Mandela's cell later contained more furniture including a bed from around 1973 Lime quarry on Robben Island where Mandela and other prisoners were subjected to hard labour Mandela c. 1937

14. Reflections • We are proud of Mandela that he is brave to fight for equality. • Although he was imprisoned and had failed many times, he still didn't give up and persist to help the black men to bring them to freedom. We should follow his spirit and don't give up when doing anything, and we must work together to make one as many people and Mandela work together to freedom, also we should always think positive and believe that we can do it.

15. Reflections • Though Mandela had been discriminated for many times, he still wanted to fight in a peaceful way. He didn’t start revenge and discriminate whites when they treated the blacks badly. Also, he wanted to bring peace to Africa and to the world.In our daily lives, we may hate others and living in a environment which filled with fights and violence because we wanted to win, but sometimes winning is not the most important thing that make us happy. Enjoy being loved and cared by others is much more then others.

16. Reflections • In our daily lives, we didn’t help others who are being discriminated and hated. We aren’t brave enough to help them and our minds are always affected by most of the people’s opinion. However, Mandela didn’t allow those unfair things keep happening and promoted justice and took actions on it.

17. The End