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ASTR/GEOL-2040: Search for life in the Universe: Lecture 18

This lecture explores the northern and southern skies, distances traveled by Voyager and Starshot missions, cryovolcanism on Mars and Enceladus, and the Arecibo message. It also discusses the Viking 1+2 experiments and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn.

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ASTR/GEOL-2040: Search for life in the Universe: Lecture 18

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  1. ASTR/GEOL-2040: Search for life in the Universe: Lecture 18 • Northern/southern skies • Distances traveled • Mars, Enceladus, volcanos • Cryovolcanism Axel Brandenburg & Nick Conant (Office hours: Mondays 2:30 – 3:30 in X590 and Wednesdays 11-12 in D230)

  2. Distances traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU

  3. Starshot Distances traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Yuri Milner pays the bill -60o declination

  4. Distance traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Earth – Sun distance = 1 AU 1 ly = 60,000 AU

  5. Distance traveled by Voyager Launch 1977 • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Saturn flyby 1980 Now 140 AU Earth – Sun distance = 1 AU 1 ly = 60,000 AU

  6. Arecibo message • Easy decoding? • Sending back our own TV transmissions? • Image 1679 = 23 x 73 • 1974 Arecibo message

  7. M13 Arecibo message • Numbers 1 – 10 • Atomic numbers

  8. Viking 1+2 experiments (1976) • Pyrolytic release (PR) experiment • Test carbon fixation (soil+water) • Gas exchange experiment (GXE) • Metabolic gas production • Soil+water vapor+org  e.g., O2 • Label release (LR) experiment (?false pos) • Metabolic activity with supplied organics • Soil+moist+14C org  14C gas CO2

  9. Viking 1+2 experiments (1976) • Pyrolytic release (PR) experiment • Test carbon fixation (soil+water) • Gas exchange experiment (GXE) • Metabolic gas production • Soil+water vapor+org  e.g., O2 • Label release (LR) experiment (?false pos) • Metabolic activity with supplied organics • Soil+moist+14C org  14C gas CO2

  10. Moons of Jupiter & Saturn • xx

  11. Cryovolcanism • Discovered by Huygens (1629 – 1695) Supervolcanoes at Fiske: November 5

  12. Analogies • xx

  13. Historical background • Discovered by Huygens (1629 – 1695)

  14. Analogies: which one is wrong? • Iron core (terrestrial) = rocky core (icy) • Silicate mantle (terr) = liquid water • Rocky crust (terr) = water ice • Lava (terr) = slush ice • CO2 (terr) = SO2 (icy)

  15. Analogies • xx

  16. Midterm on Friday • see sample+solutions • includes Quiz 1 topics! • and everything we had so far

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