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Lesson 14.1 Anatomy of the Kidney Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, & Excretion Lesson 14.3:

The Urinary System. 14. Lesson 14.1 Anatomy of the Kidney Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, & Excretion Lesson 14.3: Diseases & Disorders. Chapter 14: The Urinary System. Lesson 14.1. Anatomy of the Kidney. Anatomy of the Kidney. Kidney location and size A natomy of the kidney

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Lesson 14.1 Anatomy of the Kidney Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, & Excretion Lesson 14.3:

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  1. The Urinary System 14 Lesson 14.1 Anatomy of the Kidney Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, & Excretion Lesson 14.3: Diseases & Disorders

  2. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14.1 Anatomy of the Kidney

  3. Anatomy of the Kidney • Kidney location and size • Anatomy of the kidney • Blood flow through the kidney

  4. Kidney Location and Size

  5. Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal cortex • Outer • Renal medulla • Middle • Renal pelvis • Inner

  6. Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal medulla • Pyramid • Columns

  7. Nerve and Blood Supply • Renal artery • Renal vein • Sympathetic nerve system

  8. The Glomerulus • Glomerular capsule • Podocytes • “Foot projections" wrap around the capillaries and leave slits where blood is filtered

  9. The Nephron • Basic working unit of each kidney • Two main parts • Glomerulus • Renal tubule

  10. Renal Tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • PCT • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • DCT • Collecting duct

  11. Blood Flow through the Kidneys • Renal artery • Afferent arteriole • Glomerulus • Efferent arteriole • Vasa recta (capillaries) • Renal vein

  12. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14.2 Urine Formation, Storage, and Excretion

  13. Functions of the Urinary System • urine formation • urine storage • urine excretion

  14. Urine Formation • Filtration • Water & solutes from capillary to glomerular capsular space • Reabsorption • Water and solutes move from tubule to capillary • Secretion • Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule

  15. Urine Formation

  16. Filtration • Molecules smaller than 3 nanometers pushed out of blood • Hydrostatic pressure • Caused by potential energy • Osmotic pressure • From dissolved substances in water • Pressure controls • constriction of arteries

  17. Reabsorption • Sodium • Actively pumped out by sodium-potassium pump proteins • Secondary active transport • Glucose, amino acids, ions, vitamins • Osmotic pressure • Aquaporin channels

  18. Secretion • Drugs are secreted • Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule • Penicillin • Aspirin

  19. Reabsorption

  20. Review and Assessment Matching secretion, filtration, osmotic pressure, glucose • Reabsorbed by secondary active transport 2. Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule 3. Water and solutes from capillary to glomerular capsular space 4. Caused by dissolved substances in water

  21. The Renal Medulla • Nephron loop • Descending loop • Reabsorb water • Ascending loop • Reabsorb sodium

  22. Hormonal Regulation of Urine Volume and Composition • Aldosterone • Causes increase in blood pressure • Antidiuretic hormone • Causes urine volume to decrease

  23. Urine Storage • Ureter • Kidney to bladder • Bladder • Stores urine • Urethra • Bladder to outside body

  24. Urine Storage

  25. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

  26. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • Assessing renal function • Diabetes • Chronic kidney disease • Renal dialysis • Kidney stones • Urinary tract infections

  27. Assessing Renal Function • Physical characteristics of urine • pH = 4.5 – 8.0 • Chemical composition of urine • 95% water, 5% waste • Glomerular filtration rate • Estimate with creatinine concentration in blood

  28. Diabetes • Diabetes mellitus • Glucose in urine • Type I, Type II • Diabetes insipidus • Large amount of dilute urine • ADH not made or not used

  29. Normal Blood Glucose and Blood Insulin Levels • Carbohydrate digestion = increased blood glucose • Increased blood glucose = pancreas secretes insulin • Increase in blood insulin = • Liver glucose uptake • Liver conversion of glucose to glycogen • Skeletal muscle glucose uptake • Skeletal muscle conversion of glucose to glycogen

  30. Chronic Kidney Disease • Kidney damage • Glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min for 3 months • Develops slowly

  31. Renal Dialysis • Hemodialysis • Dialyzer • Peritoneal dialysis • Dialysis solution • Peritoneum acts as dialysis membrane

  32. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • Kidney stones • Calcium, magnesium, or uric acid • Urinary tract infection • Cystitis • More common in women than men

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