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Rapture of the Deep Sky

Rapture of the Deep Sky. Mel Ulmer Dept of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer This talk posted on http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/Rapture_of_the_Deep_sky.ppt Also need

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Rapture of the Deep Sky

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  1. Rapture of the Deep Sky Mel Ulmer Dept of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer This talk posted on http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/Rapture_of_the_Deep_sky.ppt Also need http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/mirror_comparison_lg.mov [quicktime] Also need http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/lens0.mpeg [quicktime]

  2. Age of Universe about 13.7 Gyr Clusters come into existence?

  3. M h2 h2

  4. P(k) Complementary measure crucial; Improves w and dw/dz by ~ factor 4 [h Mpc –1] P(k) [h –3 Mpc 3] k[h Mpc –1]

  5. RCS1325+2858 z=0.95 Smoothed X-ray emission contours 2.5 arcmin/1.1 Mpc

  6. The Coma Cluster • Rich cluster • Relatively close by: distance = 95 Mpc redshift = 0.02 • High galactic latitude: Ra = 12h 59m 48s Dec = 27d 58.8m NGC 4889 NGC 4874 10’ NGC 4911 280 kpc

  7. Coma Cluster Zoomed

  8. 300 kpc

  9. 300 kpc Coma Cluster X-ray residuals

  10. Color-Magnitude Relation From R= 18! Many of our LSBs fall on the CMR! => Same origin and aging as larger galaxies

  11. The CMR and LSBs Evolution • CMR is a metallicity effect: elliptical galaxies undergo extended star formation at high redshifts creating the CMR and then evolve passively • LSBs along the CMR sequence were formed at the same time as bright ellipticals and evovled in the same fashion 4874 4889 • Consistent with cluster formation simulations: first galaxies created are in the center (CMR LSBs) Contours of CMR LSBs 4911

  12. Residual from X-rays after isothermal sphere fit subtracted Blue LSBs All LSBs Blue LSBs

  13. 0.5-2.0 keV X-rays ROSAT, raw data

  14. 0.5-2.0 keV X-rays ROSAT, wavelet filter processed

  15. Cl 1205+44 z = 0.6

  16. Cl 11205+44 X-rays and Radio

  17. Cl 1257+47 z = 0.9 color visible + near IR

  18. Cl 1257+47 left color, visble=> near IR; right X-ray plus near IR

  19. Compilation of Lx of Clusters versus z

  20. Chandra Mirror Blank

  21. XMM-newton Area vs energy

  22. XMM-Newton coated mandrel

  23. Resulting XMM-Newton Ni Mirror Au coated on inside

  24. Wolter I X-ray optic design

  25. Chandra X-ray Observatory Schematic of Grazing Incidence, X-ray Mirrors CXC

  26. 7 keV image made at APS UNIT-CAT

  27. XMM-Newton CCD camera

  28. What a low temp detector (LTD) does for you vs a CCD CCD Energy resolution LTD Energy Resolution

  29. Dream Machine: 3,000 sq cm 10 eV energy Resolution 1 degree FOV 10 arc sec angular resolution Sky coverage between 1,000 and 10,000 sq degrees yielding approximately 10,000 clusters === Focal Length approximately 3 meters, diameter less than 2 meters. => NO Shuttle Launch Required!

  30. Competition: XMM (1,00 sq mc) 10 degrees “deep” (approximately 50ksec/pointing) contiguous, 200 degrees shallower (approximately 10 ksec/exposure) and discontinuous, CCD energy resolution average angular resolution approximately 20 arc seconds. Chandra collection area ~400 sq cm, 0.5 arc second angular resolution. Steradian coverage approximately the same as XMM.

  31. Hero Dr. Mel: Untouched comic strip. Reminds us we live on 4-D surface in 5-D manifold

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