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Settling the Carolinas

Settling the Carolinas. EQ : Why was SC important to Britain?. Journal: Answer EQ Why do you think South Carolina was important to Britain during the beginning of the original 13 colonies? What makes a colony successful and profitable? 3-5 sentences. 8 Lord’s Proprietors.

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Settling the Carolinas

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  1. Settling the Carolinas

  2. EQ: Why was SC important to Britain? Journal: Answer EQ Why do you think South Carolina was important to Britain during the beginning of the original 13 colonies? What makes a colony successful and profitable? 3-5 sentences

  3. 8 Lord’s Proprietors The Lord’s Proprietors were wealthy investors. They helped King Charles II of England win their Civil War. For helping, the they were granted land. This was through a Royal charter to all of the land south of where Virginia is today.

  4. First Settlements

  5. The Carolinas The Carolinas was originally made up of VA, NC, SC, GA, and FL. It was later divided into North and South Carolina. • Carolina received it’s name from King Charles II’s name in Latin • “Carolus” = Carolina (Land of Charles)

  6. Settlements Rise…Then Fall • Settlements began to fail • One by one, the Lords pull out of the agreement. • Everyone except Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper leaves the agreement • Cooper becomes the sole Lord Proprietor of Carolina and draws up the Fundamental Constitution to govern the colony.

  7. English Build Charles Town • Originally named Albemarle Point, the English (in North Carolina) decide to rename the city Charles Town in honor of King Charles II. • Lord Ashley laid out the plans for the city and colonists began building permanent homes built of daub and wattle(woven branches held together with plaster)

  8. A New Site for Charles Town • Before Governor Sayle died, he planned to move Charles Town. • The land was too low, marshy and many settlers became ill living there • Sayle set aside land on Oyster Point, which is between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers • This is the modern day location of Charleston

  9. EQ: How did South Carolina’s government grow and change during the colonial period? Journal: LP’s • What are the Lord’s Proprietors? • Where did they live? • Who was the remaining LP who was in charge of the Carolina colony?

  10. Government in the Carolinas

  11. Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas • Lord Ashley Cooper drafted laws for the colony in 1669. • Every citizen should own land, but only a few, the elite, should own large amounts of land to keep peace • Afraid of Democracy • All settlers were given a headright or 100-150 acres of land each. Elite (LP’s) were given several thousand acres each, which needed slave labor to run. • Carolina had the right to free worship

  12. Constitution Fail • The Fundamental Constitution was never put into effect • Instead, The King appointed a Royal Governor to oversea all aspects of the Carolinas.

  13. The Colony Splits • The northern part of the Carolina colony was never much like the southern part • The northern part was much more like Virginia, and needed Virginia’s ports for shipping out tobacco • Eventually, the Lords Proprietors create North Carolina as a separate colony (1689)

  14. Change in Government

  15. Problems in the Colony • Run by a Royal Governor and a Grand Council, most of whom were wealthy…very few knew how the average colonist lived • Settlers thought the Lords Proprietors were neglecting the colony • Argued that they should be in charge instead of LP.

  16. Unpopular Lords Proprietors • Colonists want more control of the Carolina colony • LPs were all the way in England! • LPs weren’t putting enough money into the colony • LPs thought that the colonists were ungrateful, disrespectful, and disobedient

  17. Solutions • The Grand Council became more democratic and more representative of settlers. • A jury system was established, which gave the people more of a voice • There was more religious freedom • Not taxed by a church you didn’t agree with! • Commons House of Assembly to represent the average person

  18. Unpopular Lords Proprietors • Fears of another Spanish attack forced the colonists to ask the King of England to take over the colony and protect them • In 1729, King George II pays off the LPs and takes over SC • SC, once a proprietary colony, becomes a ROYAL COLONY under control of the King

  19. SC as a Royal Colony • The King does a lot to help the colony become richer and safer • Allowed rice to be shipped to other countries, instead of just Great Britain (earn more $) • Created Georgia as a buffer colony to protect SC from Spanish Florida

  20. Other ProblemsUpcountry vs. Low Country As settlers came to SC, the Upcountry’s white population outnumbered the Low Country’s. The Low Country was still getting more representation in the General Assembly. This upset the Upcountry and created the Regulator Movement.

  21. EQ: How did SC gain economic prosperity? Journal: Need for Slaves Slaves came to our colony from Barbados during the colonial period. What were these people used for? Why do you think they were needed in South Carolina during the 1700’s? 3-5 sentences

  22. Carolina Economy“Wealth and Slavery”

  23. Bringing Home the Bacon! King Charles II regulated trade within the colonies in order to earn more money • Mercantilism exporting more goods than you’re importing to make money. • Export (selling goods) • Import (buying goods)

  24. Navigational Acts England passed a series of laws that restricted how American colonists could ship and sell goods to other nations… • Required goods shipped to English colonies to be shipped on English ships and banned the sale of tobacco, rice, and indigo to other countries • All goods sold to other nations from America had to come to England first • All trading must be overseen by customs officials that are held accountable by commissioners in London

  25. Indentured Servant vs. Slave • Indentured Servants- came to the New World for free but had to work 3-5 years once they arrived to pay for trip. • Slaves- forced to work against their will • Indentured servants were treated much better than slaves.

  26. Rice – Carolina’s Gold • 1685: a ship from West Africa carrying a shipment of rice docked in Charles Town for repairs • The captain gave bags of rice to those that helped him repair the ship • Rice was planted and farmers found that the rice grew well in the wet, costal soil

  27. The Rice Boom • Planters soon began planting rice in the tidal marshes of South Carolina • Rice, a valuable and nutritious food, quickly became a Staple Crop in South Carolina. • These planters quickly became the richest people in the colony • Could only sell to England

  28. Young boys mind the rice birds to spare the crop

  29. Using a fanner basket to help remove the chaff from the rice grains

  30. Pounding the rice to remove the outer shell of bran so rice could be shipped to markets

  31. Indigo – SC’s 2ndStaple Crop • Eliza Lucas Pinckney • Developed a process that allowed farmers to successfully plant, grow, and harvest indigo for it’s dye. • Dye in England was very expensive and increased the wealth and prestige of South Carolina as a colony • She shared this with other planters. • Rice and Indigo quickly made South Carolina one of the richest colonies in America. • This also made SC valuable to England.

  32. The Growth of African Slavery in SC • Indigo and Rice needed a large workforce to plant, harvest, and maintain the fields • Before Africans were imported in large numbers, there was a shortage of workers in the colonies, especially South Carolina • This need for labor led colonists to look at Barbados first, then to Native Americans. • Had knowledge of plantation system from Barbados

  33. African Americans in the Carolinas 8.1.4

  34. Slave Labor • In the 1690’s there became an increase need for slave labor: • Rice plantation • Harvesting lumber • Herding cattle • Most came from Barbados

  35. The Triangular Trade ENGLAND: Commercial goods were put on ships to sell in Africa and trade for slaves. AMERICA: Slaves unloaded. Raw materials sent back to England AFRICA: Slaves were put on ships. MIDDLE PASSAGE

  36. The Middle Passage

  37. The Door of No Return

  38. Slaves Below Deck

  39. Slave Shackles

  40. African Americans in Carolina • African slaves spoke several languages when they came to America • Once in America, Africans began to create a common language called Gullah. • English words with African grammar • The slaves also brought a rich culture of dancing, music, basket weaving and folk medicine

  41. The Stono Rebellion The slaves wanted to escape to St. Augustine, FL because the Spanish said they would be freed. • September 1739, a slave named Jemmy and twenty other slaves met near the Stono River near Charles Town • They broke into a store, killed the shopkeeper and stole weapons • Many died

  42. As a result… Negro Act of 1740 – Slave Code of South Carolina • Slaves could not: • Meet in groups without white men present • Learn how to read or write

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