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L-5

L-5. Endoscopic procedures. ENDOSCOPY. The use of fiber-optic scopes for the purpose of examination, diagnosis, and treatment. Began as a diagnostic tool.

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L-5

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  1. L-5 Endoscopic procedures

  2. ENDOSCOPY • The use of fiber-optic scopes for the purpose of examination, diagnosis, and treatment. • Began as a diagnostic tool. • Now most scopes are equipped w/ various gizmos for: biopsy, cauterization, and a wide variety of instruments for advanced surgical procedures.

  3. COMPLICATIONS / RISKS • Risk depends on the nature of the procedure and the anesthesia involved. • There are possible 7 risks of any endoscopy. • 1) Perforation. • 2) Aspiration. • 3) Adverse drug reaction. • 4) Cardiovascular problems, arrhythmias. • 5) Bleeding. • 6) Infection. • 7) Reaction to contrast material.

  4. BRONCHOSCOPY • Examination of the trachea and main stem bronchi. • Primary purpose is to diagnose malignancy. • Also used to remove foreign bodies. • Can do biopsies, washings, and brush biopsies. • Can culture for pathogens: Pneumocystis carinii, Legionella. • Done under conscious sedation w/ topical anesthetic, or general anesthesia.

  5. LARYNX

  6. BRONCHOSCOPY

  7. GASTROINTESTINAL ENDODOSCOPY • ESOPHAGOSCOPY- esophagus only. • GASTROSCOPY- esophagus and stomach. • ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY- esophagus, stomach, & duodenum. • PROCTOSCOPY- anus & rectum. • SIGMOIDOSCOPY- rectum and sigmoid colon. • COLONOSCOPY- rectum and entire colon. • Usually done under conscious sedation, occasionally general

  8. GASTROINTESTINAL ENDODOSCOPY USES • DIAGNOSIS / DETECTION OF: malignancy, ulcers, bleeding, inflammation, etc. • Removal of foreign bodies. • Biopsy of polyps, lesions suspicious for malignancy, etc. • Control of bleeding via cautery, ligation.

  9. ESOPHAGUS IMAGES COMPLIMENTS OF :http://www.gicare.com/pated/ei00001.htm

  10. Barretts Esophagus

  11. Esophageal Varicies

  12. Gasric hypylori inflammation

  13. Duodenal Ascariasis

  14. Foreign body Duodenum

  15. EUS LIV. Metastasis

  16. Colonic Diverticuli

  17. LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER CLOSED OPEN

  18. REFLUX – (GERD)

  19. ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

  20. ESOPHAGEAL POLYP

  21. CANCER OF THE ESOPHAGUS

  22. ESOPHAGEAL MONILIASIS

  23. NORMAL STOMACH PYLORIS FUNDUS ANTRUM

  24. HEMORRHAGIC GASTRITIS

  25. GASTRIC ULCER

  26. FOREIGN BODY - STOMACH

  27. FOREIGN BODY - STOMACH PEARL EAR-RING

  28. STOMACH CANCER

  29. POLYPS - STOMACH

  30. NORMAL DUODENUM

  31. AMPULLA OF VATER

  32. DUODENAL ULCERS

  33. DUODENAL STRICTURE

  34. E.R.C.P. • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. • Endoscope passed to the duodenum, w/ cannulation of the Ampulla of Vater. • Dye is injected and films taken. • Used to evaluate the patency and integrity of the common bile duct, R/O obstruction, such as w/ stones.

  35. E.R.C.P. • Helpful in the post-cholecystectomy patient who has a post-op complication: stone obstructing the CBD, stricture, etc.

  36. E.R.C.P.

  37. E.R.C.P.

  38. NORMAL JEJUNUM

  39. CELIAC SPRUE

  40. COLONOSCOPY USES • Evaluation of rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, etc.- cancer, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease. • Biopsy of suspicious lesions, polyps, inflammation. • Control of bleeding, banding of hemorrhoids. • Also used as a screening tool for early diagnosis of colon cancer, along w/ rectal exam and test for fecal occult blood.

  41. NORMAL COLON

  42. INTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS

  43. DIVRTICULOSIS

  44. DIVERTICULITIS

  45. ADENOMATOUS POLYP

  46. CROHN’S DISEASE - COLON

  47. CROHN’S DISEASE - ILEUM

  48. ULCERATIVE COLITIS

  49. CANCEROUS COLON POLYP

  50. CANCER - RECTOSIGMOID

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