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High-Use Academic Words

High-Use Academic Words. Lisa searched in the grass, trying to detect a four-leaf clover. detect. v . To find out or discover. High-Use Academic Words. A small device regulates the temperature in the building. v. To control, direct, or govern according to rule. regulate.

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High-Use Academic Words

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  1. High-Use Academic Words Lisa searched in the grass, trying to detect a four-leaf clover. detect v. To find out or discover

  2. High-Use Academic Words A small device regulates the temperature in the building. v. To control, direct, or govern according to rule regulate

  3. High-Use Academic Words The inside of a computer has a complex network of wires. adj. Not simple; involved, complicated complex

  4. High-Use Academic Words Physical activity can contribute to your good health. v. To give or provide; to bring about a result contribute

  5. Apply It! • Choose the word that best completes the sentence. • 1. The doctor used several tests to the disease. • detect • 2. One group of cells in the heart help the rate at which the • heart beats. • regulate • 3. Blood is a tissue that has several parts. • complex • 4. Air pollution can to problems with breathing. • contribute

  6. End of Chapter Preview

  7. Section 1: The Body’s Transport System • What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? • What is the function and structure of the heart? • What path does blood take through the cardiovascular system? • What are the functions and structures of arteries, capillaries, and veins?

  8. The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. • In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease.

  9. The Heart • Hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. • SEPTUM: wall of tissue; • separates the right side of the heart from the left side. • Each side has: • an upper chamber (atrium) • a lower chamber (ventricle)

  10. The Heart • As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.

  11. Two Loops • Blood circulates through the body in two loops with the heart at the center. • 1st loop: • blood travels from the heart to the lungs & back to the heart. • 2nd loop: • blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and returns to the heart.

  12. Blood Vessels • The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

  13. Artery and Vein • In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

  14. End of Section: The Body’s Transport System

  15. Section 2: Blood and Lymph • What are the components of blood? • What determines the type of blood that a person can receive in a transfusion? • What are the structures and functions of the lymphatic system?

  16. Blood • Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

  17. Blood Types • The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

  18. Blood Type Distribution • The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population.

  19. The Lymphatic System • The lymphatic system is a network of vein-like vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream.

  20. Links on Blood TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK IS TO PLAY BLOOD TYPING GAME. SEE MY WEBSITE: WWW.TMANN15.WEEBLY.COM (SEE UNIT 6) • Click the SciLinks button for links on blood.

  21. End of Section: Blood and Lymph

  22. Section 3: The Respiratory System • What are the functions of the respiratory system? • What structures does air pass through as it travels to the lungs? • What happens during gas exchange and breathing?

  23. The Air You Breathe • The air you breathe in contains several different gases, shown in the circle graph on the left. • The air you breathe out contains the same gases, but in the amounts shown in the circle graph on the right.

  24. The Air You Breathe • Reading Graphs: • What does each wedge of the graphs represent? • Percent of a gas breathed in or out

  25. The Air You Breathe • Drawing Conclusions: • Compare the percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air with the percentage in exhaled air. How can you account for the difference? • There is a higher percentage of carbon dioxide in exhaled air. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular activity.

  26. The Air You Breathe • Interpreting Data: • Based on the data, which gas is used by the body? Explain. • Oxygen; less oxygen is breathed out than breathed in—meaning that some must have been used by the body.

  27. The Air You Breathe • Inferring: • Explain why the percentage of nitrogen is the same in both inhaled air and exhaled air. • Nitrogen is not used by the body and is not a waste product.

  28. Respiratory System Functions • Oxygen from the air and glucose from digested food are both carried to the cells by the blood. During respiration, oxygen reacts with glucose to release energy.

  29. The Path of Air • As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the following structures: • nose, • Pharynx, • trachea, • bronchi.

  30. Gas Exchange • After air enters an alveolus: • Oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus • THEN, passes through the capillary wall into the blood. Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveoli.

  31. Surface Area • Surface area refers to the total area of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object. Consider a cube, which has six equal sides. Each side measures 2 cm by 2 cm. • 1. To find the surface area of the cube, first calculate the area of one of the six sides: • Area = length x width = 2 cm x 2 cm = 4 cm2 • Each side has an area of 4 cm2. • 2. Then, add the areas of the six sides together: • 4 cm2 + 4 cm2 + 4 cm2 + 4 cm2 + 4 cm2 + 4 cm2 = • 24 cm2 • The surface area of the cube is 24 cm2.

  32. Surface Area • Practice Problem • Calculate the surface area of a cube whose sidemeasures 3 cm. • 54 cm2

  33. How You Breathe • When you breathe, the actions of your rib muscles and diaphragmexpand or contractyour chest. • As a result, air flows in or out.

  34. Breathing and Speaking • Two vocal cords, folds of connective tissue that produce your voice, stretch across the opening of the larynx. • Air moving over the vocal cords causes them to vibrate and produce sound.

  35. End of Section: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases

  36. Section 4: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases • What are some diseases of the cardiovascular system? • How may tobacco smoke affect the body? • What are some respiratory diseases that result from infections or other physical conditions?

  37. Health Problems and Smoking • Tobacco smoke damages the respiratory system and strains the circulatory system, resulting in such diseases as emphysema, cancer, and chronic bronchitis.

  38. Respiratory Diseases • During an asthma attack, air passages narrow and breathing is more difficult.

  39. Links on Cardiovascular Problems • Click the SciLinks button for links on cardiovascular problems.

  40. End of Section: The Respiratory System

  41. QuickTake Quiz • Click to start quiz.

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