NASA Related CNS Test Facilities – Future Use for AI Development Presented at

1. NASA Related CNS Test Facilities – Future Use for AI Development Presented at Airborne Internet Consortium Meeting March 3, 2004

2. 4th Integrated CNS Conference & Workshop Hosted by the Space Communications Program, NASA Glenn Research Center April 26-29, 2004 Hyatt Fair Lakes, Fairfax, Virginia http://spacecom.grc.nasa.gov/icnsconf • Audience • Industry and academic communities performing research and technology development for advanced digital communications systems and associated applications supporting the national and global air transportation systems. • Goals • Understand current efforts and recent results in near- and far-term research and technology demonstration. • Identify integrated digital communications, navigation and surveillance research requirements necessary for a safe, high-capacity, advanced air transportation system. • Foster collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders. • Discuss critical issues and develop recommendations to achieve the future integrated CNS vision for the national and global air transportation system. Integrated Communications Navigation Surveillance

3. Outline • Today’s Purpose: Understand and assist in setting directions for AIC input into the use of existing and planned test facilities at the NASA Glenn Research Center ---- from a contractor’s perspective. • Background – overall evolving concept • FASTE-CNS • Virtual Aircraft & Controller Test System • Aeronautical Network Research System Supported by:

4. N-ACT: The Concept N-ACTS = National Aeronautical CNS Test System: A study to look at concept of CNS Test Facilities to be considered for the ACAST Project • Develop the national capability to provide a realistic environment that supports the assessment, validation, and the development of future advanced, integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) information infrastructure for both national and global airspace systems.

5. Integrated CNS Laboratory Concept N-ACT Laboratory Management and Control • System Administrator • System Manager • Experiment Support Software • Test and Metrics Software • Electronic Development Library • Access Control and Security Management Off-Site User On-Site User Interfaces Modeling & Simulation Facility • ATN • NADIN PSN • WWW • VSCS • Telco • Others • Communications Models • Navigation Models • Surveillance Models • Integrated CNS Models Mobile Testbeds Laboratory Testbed • Aircraft Comm Systems • Ground Comm Systems • Scripted Applications • “Man-in-the-Loop” App’ls • Multi-System Test Communications Navigation Surveillance • Air/Air • Air/Ground • Ground/Ground • Data Link • SATCOM • Multi-Spectrum • Voice • Radar/SIF • Multilateration • Space Based • Aircraft Centric • Other Ground Centric • Space Centric • Aircraft Centric • Ground Centric VDL Information Exchange

6. N-ACT Laboratory Test bed Concept Virtual Aircraft Environment Navigation Environment (System Under Test) Communications Environment (System Under Test) Surveillance Environment (System Under Test) Ground Radio R/T Router R/T Router R/T A/G Router Air Radio GPS SATCOM Ground Station Data Exchange Off-Site User Web Router Interface Electronic Development Library DB On-Site Experiment Users “Man-in-the-Loop” Applications Scripted Applications System Manager N-ACT Server

7. N-ACT Functional Interactions C N S EuroControl Volpe TC GRC WJHTC FFRDC LaRC Landing Aids ARC Surveillance Vendors COMM RCAG R & D Universities ATM Facilities ATCSCC FSS/AFSS ATCT TRACON ARTCC N-ACT R & D Facilities Future System Under Test Data Exchange Navigation Avionics Airframe CNS/ATM System Providers Communications Service Providers Weather Service Providers DoHLS DoD CNS Field Sites AOC

8. Future Aeronautical Subnetwork Traffic Emulator – CNS (FASTE-CNS) www.faste-cns.com

9. Background • Need for effective tools to model and analyze existing communications loads, and plan for required communications capacity in future • NASA initiated Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation (VAMS) project • NASA GRC leading the effort to integrate Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS ) tools to be part of the Virtual Airspace Simulation Technologies (VAST) toolbox • As part of VAMS and VAST efforts NASA sponsored the development of Future Aeronautical Sub-networks Traffic Evaluator (FASTE) for CNS System – Beta tested in 2003 • GRC developed Software Requirements Specifications for CNS models

10. Generic Loading Analysis App. 1 Aircraft Load Profile Trans.1-n Param.1-k Aircraft Density Performance . . . • Type of Aircraft • - Commercial • - Regional • - Business • - General • - Military • Phase of Flight • Assigned Media App. n • Location • Type of Aircraft • Media Characteristics • System Loading • Resources Required • What if? Trans.1-n Param.1-k Media 1 . . . Media n FASTE-CNS Process Model

11. FASTE-CNS Architecture Capabilities Industry • Geographic Region • Aircraft Density • Communication Load • # - Frequencies Needed • User Management • Application Message Sets • Media • Communications Profile Government Internet IE / Netscape Universities Data Repository Services (SQL Server) Web and Application Services (IIS Server)

12. FASTE-CNS Project

13. Communications Load Display

14. Aircraft Density Profiles

15. Load/Frequency Report

16. Library Models • Private and public (library) analysis files • Models in library can be copied and modified by user • Included Reference Geographic Regions • Continental United States (CONUS) • East Coast Corridor • East Coast • West Coast • Los Angles Basin Providing the means to foster inter-agency and industry collaboration

17. CONUS Model Characteristics • Divided into 153 subregions (200 mi squares) • Almost 8,000 aircraft, which is a busy hour in 2010 • Aircraft types • Commercial carriers (CC) • Regional carriers (RC) • General aviation (GA) • Model data link applications and media • ADS-B on 1090 ES (CC & RC) and UAT (GA) • TIS-B on 1090 ES (CC & RC) and UAT (GA) • FIS-B on VDL-2 Broadcast (All) • CPDLC on VDL-2 (CC & RC) • LAAS on VHF Datalink (CC & RC)

18. CONUS Model

19. CONUS Model Applications & Media

20. Comm Profile - Single Commercial Aircraft

21. Comm Requirements for the Region

22. FASTE Enhancements for CNS • Enhancements support pre- and post-trial analysis for OpCons • Pre-trial: Communications data input into current FASTE-CNS system • Post-trial: OpCons simulation data used to perform analysis • Communications models - Medium fidelity • Model voice, ACARS, and VDL Mode 2 media • Pre-trial results are available using the current version of FASTE-CNS with GUI enhancements • Post-trial analysis will use data collected from the operational simulation conducted in the ACES environment. Enhanced FASTE comm simulation model will provide the impact of comm on the OpCon.

23. FASTE Enhancements for CNS • Navigation model - Low fidelity • Data collected from the operational simulation conducted in the ACES environment used to model GPS and VOR/DME reported positions throughout the flight. • Enhanced FASTE simulation model will provide occurrences of separation criteria violations.

24. FASTE Enhancements for CNS • Surveillance model - Medium fidelity • Data collected from the operational simulation conducted in the ACES environment used to model Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) reported positions throughout the flight. • Enhanced FASTE simulation model will provide occurrences of separation criteria violations.

25. Access & Participation • Ready for use today without CNS Models Enhancements • Consider AIC Working Group to use as an AI Requirements tool • Go to WWW.FASTE-COMS.COMto sign up • CNS Models available in August 2004

26. Virtual Aircraft and Controller (VAC) CNS Test System

27. NASA GRC System Testbed Configuration ATN Build A • Developed over 120,000 LOC of ATN Compliant Software • Part of Aerosapient Flight Tests • C++ and JAVA • MCDU and Enroute Controller HMIs

28. How: Distributed data link communications emulator: VAC the Data Link Testing Tool • Purpose: Support realistic message traffic testing of multiple subnetworks (e.g., VDL M2, VDL M3, SATCOM, etc.) • 160 individual, separately script-driven (autonomous) aircraft with “free-play” responses • Script-driven (autonomous) controller with “free-play” responses • Human-interactive aircraft (pilot) position • Human-interactive controller position • System manager: • Single point of control and test data collection and reporting • Online and offline performance reporting • Using: Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) SARPs compliant: • Build C using ADS-B and TIS-B • Context Management (CM) service messages • CPDLC Baseline 1 message set (68 uplink, 36 downlink) • Up to 5 Concatenated Message elements per message • TP4/CNLP ISO Protocols

29. Functional Configuration Human Interactive Aircraft Autonomous Aircraft Autonomous Aircraft Human Interactive Controller Receiver / Transmitter Receiver / Transmitter Autonomous Aircraft Autonomous Controller Autonomous Aircraft System Manager Communications Subnetwork G/A Router A/G Router

30. Virtual Aircraft & Controller Virtual Aircraft Environment (Up to 160 A/C) Virtual Controller Environment Sub-Network Environment (System Under Test) R/T Router R/T Router Ground Radio Airborne Radio(s) & A/G Router R/T A/G Router LAN Human Interactive Aircraft Human Interactive Controller Virtual Controller PC Virtual Aircraft PCs Laboratory Facility System Manager

31. VAC Build B System Architecture

32. Aircraft/Controller Functionality Human Interactive Aircraft & Controller • “Human in the Loop” Testing • User Configuration, Initialization and Experiment • Responses Based on Received Message • Monitored by System Manager • Communications: • ATN Compliant (TP4/CLNP) • Between Interactive Controller and Aircraft via ATN Subnetwork • With System Manager • Automatically Saves all Configuration and Experiment Data GUIs • Emulates Generic ATC Workstation • Emulates Generic MCDU • Message Alerting & Display • Message Selection & Composition • Actions Taken Indicators • “Free Play” CPDLC with ATSP • Controller Display has Full Data Blocks CPDLC Services • CPDLC Start Request • CPDLC Message Service • CPDLC End Service Request CM Services • CM Logon • CM End • CM Abort Autonomous Aircraft & Controller • Up to 160 Aircraft Emulated • Script Driven • Timed Aircraft Requests • Timed Controller Instructions • Automated Response to Requests based on Received Message • Managed, Controlled and Monitored by System Manager • Communications: • ATN Compliant (TP4/CLNP) • Between Aircraft and Controller via ATN Subnetwork • With System Manager • Automatically Saves all Configuration and Experiment data CPDLC Messages • SARPs Compliant CPDLC • 69 Uplink Messages • 36 Downlink Messages • ADLS Baseline 1 Message Set • Message Element Concatenation

33. System Manager Functionality System Configuration • Select Workstations for Experiment • Select Controller Workstations • Assign Aircraft for Each Workstation • Assign Script to Each Aircraft • Assign 24-bit Address to Each Aircraft • Assign Facility Designation to Controller • Assign Unique NSAPs to Each Aircraft and Controller • Enter Experiment Start and Stop Times Experiment Scripting • User Constructs Scenario Scripts • Supports Aircraft Departure to Arrival Profile • Supports Background Loading with CPDLC Messages • ATN SARPs Compliant Messages • Script Library • Prints Scripts in Human Readable Form Autonomous Operations • Initiated and Controlled by System Manager • Not Affected by Human Interactive Operations System Initialization • Distributes Configuration Data to Workstations Monitor • Communications Delay Measurements • Communications Status of Each Workstation • Error Message Status Reporting • User Selectable Reports • Display, Save, and Print Reports • On-line Reports • End-to-End Delay • Error Messages • Off-line Reports • Experiment Summary • Message Transmitted List • Message Received List • Master Message List • End-to-End Delay • Error Messages • Related Events Data Transfer • Online - Real Time Status • Offline - Post-Experiment File Transfer of Aircraft and Controller Files for Data Reduction Script Monitoring and Display • Monitor Scenario Progress on System Manager Display • Monitor Status of Individual Autonomous Aircraft Script Execution System Control • Start and Stop Experiment Data Reduction • Processes Data for use in Reporting

34. Human Interactive Message Exchanges ATN NETWORK* TP4/ CLNP TP4/ CLNP • Features • Emulates Generic MCDU/Controller • SARPs Compliant Baseline 1 CPDLC message set • 105 Messages • Message Element Concatenation • 5 Message Elements • “Free Play” CPDLC between Aircraft & Controller • Message Alerting & Display • Message Selection & Composition Aircraft Display EnrouteController Display Manual Message Input and Response * CPDLC over IPv4 and IPv6 available

35. VAC-Build C System Overview • Provides for TIS-B and ADS-B communications loading for testing of related subnetworks (conforms to RTCA Standards) • Consists of upgrades to Build B major component applications: • Human Interactive Aircraft (HIA) • Human Interactive Controller (HIC) • Autonomous Aircraft (AA) • Autonomous Controller (AC) • System Manager • TIS-B and ADS-B receive capability to be added to AA (max 160), AC, HIA and HIC; ADS-B transmit to be added to HIA and AA (up to 40) • Add user capability to display TIS-B traffic on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) – Ames Software GFE • SM upgraded to provide means to script flight plans for up to 160 aircraft, control experiments, and record data.

36. VAC- Build C Logical System Architecture AA HIA C-Agent GUI C-Agent Local Store I-Agent Aircraft 1of N I-Agent TP4/CNLP (Control and CM/CPDLC) ATN EP ATN EP A-Syscon A-Syscon CP-ASE CM-ASE CM-ASE CP-ASE DS DS DS DS CF CF CF CF ACSE ACSE ACSE ACSE CM AE CPDLC AE COPP COPP CM AE CPDLC AE COPP COPP COSP COSP I-Agent COSP COSP I-Agent UDP/IP (TIS-B, ADS-B) TIGER xN TIS-B Handler TIGER TIS-B Handler CDTI I/F UDP EP CDTI I/F CDTI* Display UDP EP CDTI* Display ADS-B Handler ADS-B Handler HIC GUI C-Agent AC System Manager C-Agent I-Agent ATN EP I-Agent Start ATN EP Configure Stop Scripts ATN EP C-Syscon C-Syscon ASFPG CP-ASE CM-ASE Mascon Initializer M-Agent CP-ASE CM-ASE DS DS Monitor Logger DS DS CF CF CF CF ACSE ACSE Data ACSE ACSE Reporter CM AE Database CPDLC AE COPP COPP Reduction CM AE CPDLC AE COPP COPP COSP COSP I-Agent I-Agent I-Agent ATN EP COSP COSP C Agent TIGER TIGER TIGER TIS-B Handler TIS-B Handler TIS-B Handler CDTI I/F CDTI I/F CDTI I/F UDP EP UDP EP UDP EP CDTI* Display CDTI* Display CDTI* Display ADS-B Handler ADS-B Handler ADS-B Handler *NASA Provided

37. Leverage Investments for ACAST • Aeronautical Network Research System (ANRS) • VAC Build C plus functional messages sets for AOC, FIS • Enhanced Flight Planning Scenario tools • RF simulation of moving platforms equipped with multiple emitters • Employs capabilities developed in the multiyear program of the USAF (Joint Communications Simulator) • Systems Engineering Phase to guide directions and capabilities

38. NASA Eurocontrol IPv6 Project

39. Aviation IP Project - Network Interconnection Diagram Regional Network Regional Network NAS Emulator x.25 NETWORK IPv4 NASA GRC (Cleveland, OH) Eurocontrol (Brussels, Belgium) Mobile IPv4 DNS CA IPv4 IPv6 • ATS Application DNS CA IPv6 IPv4 • ATS Application IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 Experimental Centre (Paris, France) IPv6 Computer Networks & Software, Inc. (Springfield, VA) • Secure CPDLC DNS CA CA • Secure CPDLC DNS • ATS Application

40. NASA – Eurocontrol IPv6 Test Infrastructure 50+ entities

41. Next Steps • Form a know process to relate our inputs to the NASA GRC Program and Technical Managers

42. Contacts Computer Networks & Software, Inc. 7405 Alban Station Ct. Suite B-215 Springfield, VA 22150-2318 703-644-2103 http://www.CNSw.com Chris Wargo 443.994.6137 (cell) Chris.Wargo@CNSw.com