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Physical Science

Physical Science. Ch. 21. Section 1. Simple Organic Compounds. Organic compounds compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon. Carbon can form many compounds Has four valence electrons Can form 4 covalent bonds with atoms of elements

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Physical Science

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  1. Physical Science Ch. 21

  2. Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds

  3. Organic compounds • compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon

  4. Carbon can form many compounds • Has four valence electrons • Can form 4 covalent bonds with atoms of elements • Can bond w/atoms of other elements • such as hydrogen and oxygen.

  5. Can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements • Chains • Branched chains • Rings • Can form single, double, or triple bonds.

  6. Hydrocarbons • Made of hydrogen & carbon • Single Bond Series • Alkane (ends with –ane) • Double Bond Series • Alkene (ends with –ene) • 2 Carbon atoms share 2 electrons • Triple Bond Series • Alkyne (ends with –yne) • 2 Carbon atoms share 3 electrons

  7. Saturated vs Unsaturated • Saturated hydrocarbons • Contain only single-bonded carbon atoms • Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Contain at least one double or triple bond

  8. Section 2 Other Organic Compounds

  9. Benzene Ring • AKA – Aromatic compound • Electrons are shared by all six carbon atoms in the ring. • Equal sharing of electrons • Shown as alternating double and single bonds • Causes the benzene molecule to be very stable

  10. Benzene Ring C C C C C C

  11. Substituted hydrocarbons • have one or more of their hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms or groups of other elements • Ex. Alcohol -OH • Organic Acids -COOH • Mercaptans -SH

  12. Section 3 Petroleum – A source of Carbon Compounds

  13. Petroleum • mixture of thousands of carbon compounds • Fractional distillation • process that uses the different boiling points of compounds to separate the individual carbon compounds in petroleum • Uses of petroleum compounds • Fuels, solvents, asphalt & plastics

  14. Monomers • small molecules that form links in the polymer chain • Polymers • extremely large, chain-like molecules

  15. Polymers • Can be made to have different properties • From light and flexible to strong and rigid. • These properties depend on: • The monomers used to make the polymer • Amount of branching in polymer molecule • How the polymer is shaped • Example: Polyethylene • Made when ethylene combines with itself repeatedly • Uses: • shopping bags, plastic bottles

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