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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders. Danielle Winder Kathia Johnson Susie Berrin. Definition of Anxiety Disorders. Anxiety or fear is defined as a complex pattern of three types of reactions to a perceived threat. (Lang,1984) What are the three types of reactions? Give an example of each.

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Anxiety Disorders

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  1. Anxiety Disorders Danielle Winder Kathia Johnson Susie Berrin

  2. Definition of Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety or fear is defined as a complex pattern of three types of reactions to a perceived threat. (Lang,1984) • What are the three types of reactions? Give an example of each. 1. Overt Behavioral Responses -Running away, trembling voice, closing eyes 2. Physiological Responses - Changes in heart rate and respiration, muscle tension, stomach upset 3. Subjective Responses - Thoughts of being scared, images of bodily harm

  3. Classification of Anxiety Disorders 1.) DSM Approach -The DSM IV describes several types of anxiety disorders. -Match the disorder to the respective definition:

  4. Classification of Anxiety Disorders 2.) _________ Approach -The empirical approach to classification describes subcategories of internalizing disorders. EX: Achenbach (1991a) -The existence of a single anxious/depressed syndrome suggests that these problems tend to co-occur. *Other internalizing syndromes, such as: -somatic complaints (dizzy, stomach ache) -withdrawn (refusing to talk)

  5. Developmental Characteristics of Children’s Fears • General Prevalence • Jersild and Holmes(1935) • MacFarlane, Allen, & Honzik(1954) • Bell-Dolan, Last, & Strauss(1990) • Sex and Age Diff. • King(1989); Kilpatrick(1984) • King(1989); MacFarlane(1954)

  6. ARTICLE • Relationship Between Specific Adverse Life Events and Psychiatric Disorders (Weems, Silverman, La Greca) Hypothesis: • Depressive disorders (MDD and Dysthymia) and disruptive disorders (CD and ODD) would be highly associated with many adverse life events. • Some life events are associated with a specific group of psychiatric disorders. Results: • Both disruptive disorders and depressive disorders were closely associated with a broad range of adverse life events (17-22 /25) • ADHD and phobias were associated with fewer of the events (3 or less) • It showed that being a victim of crime, violence, or assault was strongly related to CD and ODD in both boys and girls. • A parent being jailed was strongly associated with CD and Dysthymia in boys, and CD and Overanxious Disorder in girls. • Getting a new stepparent had a strong impact on CD and Dysthymia in boys and Overanxious Disorder in girls. • *Strong association between school change and several psychiatric disorders in boys. Boys who started a new school had more than a threefold increase in Separation Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia, and more than a fivefold increase in ADHD, ODD, Depression, and Agoraphobia.

  7. Specific Phobias- Epidemiology and Developmental Course • Most commonly diagnosed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. • Specific phobias appear to have the earliest age of onset and to occur during childhood. • Specific phobias are likely to begin during childhood and that for at least some individuals, they may persist over time. • Youngsters with specific phobias are also likely to meet criteria of other diagnoses. (other anxiety disorders, depression, mood disorders) • Also, many experience co-occurring disorders.

  8. Specific Phobias • DSM-IV Criteria

  9. Specific Phobias • Animal Type • Natural Environmental Type • Blood-Injection-Injury Type • Situational Type: • Other:

  10. Specific Phobias • Treatment Options • Systematic desensitization and exposure • Beta-blockers may be effective in treating performance-anxiety symptoms. • Drugs used in generalized social phobias include SSRIs or an MAOI (such as phenelzine). • Associated Features • Depressed Mood • Anxious or Fearful or Dependent Personality • Differential Diagnosis • Panic Disorder With AgoraphobiaSocial PhobiaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderSeparation Anxiety Disorder

  11. Social Phobia • DSM IV- Criteria

  12. Social Phobia • Treatment Options • cognitive behavioral therapy • Drugs used in generalized social phobias include SSRIs or an MAOI (such as phenelzine). • Associated Features • Depressed Mood • Somatic or Sexual Dysfunction • Addiction • Anxious or Fearful or Dependent Personality • Differential Diagnosis • Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia or Agoraphobia Without History of Panic DisorderSeparation Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Specific PhobiaSchizoid Personality DisorderAvoidant Personality Disorder Performance anxiety, stage fright, and shyness…

  13. Separation Anxiety & School Refusal DSM IV Criteria

  14. Separation Anxiety • Associated Features • Depressed Mood • Somatic or Sexual Dysfunction • Anxious or Fearful or Dependent Personality • Differential Diagnoses • Pervasive Developmental DisordersSchizophrenia, or other Psychotic DisordersGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder with AgoraphobiaAgoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder Conduct DisorderDevelopmentally appropriate levels of separation anxiety

  15. Generalized Anxiety Disorder DSM IV- Criteria

  16. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Treatment Options • Therapy Psychotherapy: Most patients with mild symptoms can be treated with supportive counseling and education without need for medication.Other therapies: Relaxation training and cognitive therapy • General measures: Regular exercise and avoidance of caffeine and alcohol. • Medications: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). • Assoiciated Features • Depressed Mood • Somatic or Sexual Dysfunction • Anxious or Fearful or Dependent Personality • Differential Diagnosis • Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical ConditionSubstance-Induced Anxiety DisorderPanic Disorder Social PhobiaObsessive-Compulsive DisorderAnorexia NervosaSomatization DisorderSeparation Anxiety DisorderObsessional thoughts…

  17. Any Questions?

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