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Selective regulation of T cell-mediated immune response by TCM drugs and natural products

Selective regulation of T cell-mediated immune response by TCM drugs and natural products. Qiang Xu, Ph.D. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University. Th2-associated Ulcerative colitis Myasthenia gravis Systemic lupus erythematosus

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Selective regulation of T cell-mediated immune response by TCM drugs and natural products

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  1. Selective regulation of T cell-mediated immune response by TCM drugsand natural products Qiang Xu, Ph.D. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University

  2. Th2-associated Ulcerative colitis Myasthenia gravis Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatic Fever Hemolytic Anemia Membranous glomerulonephritis T-bet GATA-3 T cell-mediated diseases • Th1-associated • Rheumatoid arthritis • Multiple sclerosis • Crohn’s disease • Graft-versus host disease • Insulin-dependent diabetes • Crescentic glomerulonephritis Immunosuppressiveagents

  3. Can we have a safe immunosuppressive therapy without harming innocents?

  4. History of immunosuppressive agentsGlucocorticoidsCytotoxic anti-cancer agentsCyclosporin A、FK-506 Novel immunosuppressants? Why do we target T cells? g I F N - I L - 2 a TNF - M a c r o p h a g e inflammation T h 1 活化 Cellular immunity A P C Reduced anti- infection potential Kidney injury Neurotoxicity Increased oncogenesis …… I L - 1 2 Low selectivity CsA T h 0 I L - 4 Ab formation T h 2 B c e l l I L - 4 I L - 5 IL - 13 Humoral immunity Why the progress in immunology does not accelerate the development of immune drugs? New way?

  5. Novel immunosuppressors? Higher selectivity !

  6. Effects of several kinds of Chinese herbs and prednisolone on DTH and inflammation

  7. C o - s t i m u l a t o r y m o l e c u l e s 1. Selective inhibition onthe activation of T lymphocytes A P C I L - 1 2 I n f l a m m a t o r y M a c r o p h a g e Ag m o l e c u l e s I F N - g T h 1 a c t i v a t e I L - 2 C e l l u l a r i m m u n i t y T h 0 Function of activated T cells Activation of T cells Differentiation, Proliferation Adhesion, migration… Molecule expression Cytokine production and signaling

  8. Fusaruside Isolated from Fusarium sp. IFB-121

  9. Fusaruside inhibits IFN-g-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation but not STAT1 itself Fusaruside selectively inhibits Th1- but not Th2-like cytokine production

  10. STAT signaling pathway in T cell activation IL-2-activated STAT5 pathway IL-12 -activated STAT4 pathway Steroids IFN-γ -activated STAT1 pathway Leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation fludarabine Ser/Thr phospharylation of both STAT1 and STAT3 15dPGJ2 PPAR-g agonist STAT1 and STAT3 pathway IL-12/STAT4 pathway Curcumin Phpsphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 Int. Immunopharmacol. 2003; 3(6): 783-800

  11. Fusaruside inhibits pSTAT1, increases pSTAT3, but does not influence pSTAT4,5 and 6

  12. Fusaruside enhances IFN-g-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a manner independent of STAT1 129S1: 129S1/SvImJ IFNR -/- : 129-Ifngrtm1Agt

  13. STAT3-dependent inhibition of STAT1 signaling by Fusaruside

  14. STAT3-siRNA transfection and interference b a Inhibition of pSTAT1 by Fusaruside is dependent on the existence of STAT3

  15. Summary Fusaruside STAT3 pSTAT3 pSTAT1, IFN-g

  16. C o - s t i m u l a t o r y m o l e c u l e s 2. Selective inhibitionon the activated T lymphocytes A P C I L - 1 2 I n f l a m m a t o r y M a c r o p h a g e Ag m o l e c u l e s I F N - g T h 1 a c t i v a t e I L - 2 C e l l u l a r i m m u n i t y T h 0 Function of activated T cells Activation of T cells How to induce dysfunction? Adhesion,migration Cytotoxicity Cytokine production

  17. 30 Control astilbin RSG ext 20 % Apoptotic cells 10 Activated Normal T cells T cells Astilbin M C ast rsg M C ast rsg C ast rsg 0 T cells total Kuppfer HC NPC 800 bp 800 bp 0.16 0.12 IFN-γ(OD540) 0.08 0.04 0 norm cont ast CsA Astilbin, a flavanoid from Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae selective targeting 1 the T cell population but not other tissue cells; 2 the activated but not non-activated T cell populations; 3 Th1 but not Th2 cells. Pharmacological Research 1997; 36:309-314. Planta Med.1999;65:56-59. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1999; 377:93-100. Pharm. Pharmacol. Comm. 2000; 6: 41-47. Phytochemistry 2000; 53:1051-1055. Pharmacol. Res. 2001; 44:135-139. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2002; 537-538. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 85(1):53-9. Inflamm Res. 2003;52(8):334-340. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2003; 55: 691-696. J. Chromatography B 2004; 805: 357-360.J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2004; 56: 495-502.

  18. Astilbin shows a strong inhibition on CIA

  19. Negative cytokine regulation by AstilbinJ Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 116(6): 1350-1356.

  20. Astilbin selectively induces the apoptosisof activated T cells

  21. Astilbin selectively induces apoptosis of Con A-activated Jurkat T cells

  22. How Astilbin targets activated T cells?

  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 0 A s t i l b i n J u r k a t J u r k a t + A s t i l b i n J u r k a t + C o n A J u r k a t + C o n A + A s t i l b i n ** ** 3 0 ** 2 0 1 0 0 J u r k a t L 9 2 9 E C V 3 0 4 a b c 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Only the cytosol proteins from Con A-activated and astilbin-treated Jurkat cells induce apoptosis of non-activated Jurkat, L929, ECV cells Astilbin Cytosol protein Streptolysin-O Nuclei from non-activated Jurkat Cytosol proteins Incubation Incubation Astilbin does not target the cytosol or nuclear proteins PI stain Flow cytometry DNA fragmentation electrophoresis Hoechst stain DNA fragmentation

  24. J u r k a t A c t i v a t e d J u r k a t C o n t r o l - 7 1 0 g / m l - 6 1 0 g / m l - 5 1 0 g / m l - 7 - 6 - 5 C o n t r o l 1 0 g / m l 1 0 g / m l 1 0 g / m l 8 7 . 3 % 2 . 1 % 8 8 . 9 % 0 . 9 % 9 0 . 5 % 0 . 4 % 8 3 . 1 % 7 . 9 % J u r k a t 1 . 8 % 2 . 5 % 3 . 5 % 6 . 1 % 8 0 . 7 % 4 . 3 % 8 2 . 1 % 7.9% 5 1 . 7 % 1 2 . 7 % 4 1 . 3 % 1 0 . 4 % A c t i v a t e d J u r k a t 5 . 4 % 5. . 9 % 2 8 . .4 % 4 3 .. 7 % Astilbin selectively disrupts mitochondrial transmembrane potential of Con A-activated Jurkat T cells A C JC-1

  25. B C o n A - + - C o n A + I s o t y p e I s o t y p e C o n t r o l C o n t r o l - 7 - 7 1 0 g / m l 1 0 g / m l - 6 - 6 1 0 g / m l 1 0 g / m l - 5 - 5 1 0 g / m l 1 0 g / m l D 5 0 * 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 A s t 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 C o n t r o l 4 0 - 7 * 1 0 g / m l C - 6 1 0 g / m l C y t 3 0 - 5 1 0 g / m l M * 2 0 1 0 C A I F 0 A c t i v a t e d J u r k a t J u r k a t Astilbin selectively caused cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol in Con A-activated Jurkat cells A C

  26. Non-activated Activated 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 M B a d C 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 M B a x C 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 0 10-7 10-6 10-5 M B i d C Astilbin selectively translocated Bax and Bad but not Bid from cytosol to mitochondria in activated Jurkat cells

  27. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria 2. Permeability transition pore (PTP) opening 3. Bcl-2 family homopolymers 1. Mitochondria damage

  28. Flow cytometry DiOC6(3) Incubation Treatment VDAC From mouse liver 0.25%SDS 10-6 g/ml Ast Activ Mito Lysis Nor Mito Lysis (Ast+Nor Mito) Lysis (Ast + Activ) Mito Lysis 5 uM Ca2+ 10-5 g/ml Ast D i OC O ( 3 ) / F L - 1 6 There is an opener of VDAC in the mitochondria of activated T cells after astilbin treatment PTP liposome VDAC ANT C A E B F

  29. astilbin astilbin Surface alterations; Nuclear changes; DNA fragmentation

  30. Conclusion • For T cell activation Si-Ni-San and its components Jie-Xue-Hao, a Tibetan medicine Fumigaclavine C, Fusaruside …… • For the function of activated T lymphocytes Fraxinellone and Obaculactone Astilbin …… • For both T cell activation and functions, as well as other cells current immunosuppressants • Selective immunosuppressive therapy is possible. • 2. A number of selective immunosuppressive agents will be benefitial for the treatment of immune diseases.

  31. Acknowledgements Natural Science Foundation of China 3023039039925041 30070781 39970887 39470815 39270784 陳 婷 譚仁祥 郭子建 孫洋 張先明 費明健 呉雪豊 蔡宇 秦宇 呉興新 燕茹 趙蔚 夏玉貴

  32. Thanks! The ancient building in Nanjing University

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