AP World History Review Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations

1. AP World History ReviewPeriod 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations Bill Strickland East Grand Rapids High School East Grand Rapids, MI bstrickl@egrps.org

2. Period 1 Key Concepts 1.1 Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution & Early Agricultural Societies 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

3. Period 1 Key Concepts • Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth • During the Paleolithic Era (pre-10,000 BCE) hunter-gatherers gradually migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures. Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

4. Key Concepts (In Question Form) • Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth • What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet? • How is this evidence interpreted? • Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were the characteristics of their society, religion, technology, economy and culture? • How did the earliest humans procure enough supplies to survive? Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

5. Q: What is the evidence that explainsthe earliest history of humans and the planet? • “Out of Africa” migrations Theory based on Archeological Evidence Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

6. Q: How is this evidence interpreted? • Archaeological Evidence: “Lucy” Louis & Mary Leakey “Lucy” skeleton Footprints in Olduvai Gorge, eastern Africa Richard Leakey, 1979 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

7. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Society? • Little if any social classes • no possessions to distinguish rich/poor, powerful/weak • Egalitarian (equal but not identical work & value of both genders’ contributions) • Men probably hunted, women foraged/gathered. • Small bands/communities (30-50 people) • How do we know this? • Comparison to modern hunter-gatherer societies Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

8. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Culture? • Art – cave painting • Religion – most likely animistic • Architecture – simple • Tools – stone, wood, but no wheel until several millennia later • Technology – Fire (post-8,000 BCE) Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

9. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Religion? • Most likely animistic. Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

10. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Technology? • Stone Tools/Weapons • Specially adapted to different environments. (What works in the tropics won’t in the tundra!) Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

11. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Technology? • Stone Tools/Weapons (no wheel yet!) • Fire • Useful in slash & burn agriculture • Protection against animals • Keeping warm in cold climates • Food Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

12. Q: What were thecharacteristics of early humans’ … • Economy? • Small kinship groups of 30-50 people. • Some were self-sufficient • Trade, including … • People • Ideas • Goods • Very limited range of contact w/ other groups Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

13. 1.3 The Development & Interactions of Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies • What are the characteristics of a “civilization?” (or “complex society”) • Cities, Social structure? • Religious beliefs & practices? • Political structure? • Economic activity? Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

14. Which of these are a “civilization”? Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

15. Q: By 600 BCE,what were thecharacteristics of ancient humans’ … • Society • Elites (military, religious, political) present in most/all civilizations. • Most political rulers claimed some kind of divinity or divine support, supported by the religious hierarchy & professional warriors. • Zhou Dynasty’s “Mandate of Heaven” • Mesopotamia’s Epic of Gilgamesh • India’s Lawbook of Manu • Popul Vuh in the Americas Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org

16. Resources for Additional Info • John Green’s “Crash Course” videos. Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org