Chapter 15 Section 2 Greek Art and Literature

1. Chapter 15 Section 2Greek Art and Literature

2. Anticipatory Set • The Arts is something we value today • Plays • Musicals • Stand-up Comedy • Painting • Sculptures • All of these things are available to us because of the Ancient Greeks

3. Standards • S.S. 6.4.8 • Describe the enduring contributions of important Greek figures in the arts and sciences (e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Euclid, Thucydides) • E-LA Reading 6.1.2 • Identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple meanings.

4. Objective • Students will learn about the art and architecture of ancient Greece along with lyric poetry, drama, and fables written by the Greeks.

5. Language of the Discipline • Frieze • Pediment • Lyric Poetry • Chorus • Sophocles • Aesop • Sappho • Drama

6. Art and Architecture (Input) • The Greeks were highly skilled in many arts • Their works have been admired for generations. These include: • Making a pot • Carving a statue • Designing a temple

7. Painted Pottery (Input) • Ancient Greeks were famous for their beautiful painted pottery • They made drinking cups, jars, and bowls in many shapes • Some of these vessels stored wine, water, oil, and perfume. Many were used for decoration. • They developed two main techniques: “black figure” and “red figure” • This referred to the colors of the figures on the vase in contrast with the background • The paintings on the vases often were scenes from myths, Homer’s epics, or Greek life.

8. Painted Pottery (Input)

9. Sculpture (Input) • Greeks were experts at sculpture • Temples had huge statues of the gods and goddesses • Temple walls have carved scenes • These works were created for public display and to pay tribute to the gods • The main subject of sculptures was the human figure • Nothing had more beauty than a strong, athletic human body • They tried to show their ideals through these sculptures • The perfect beauty of classic Greek sculpture has inspired artists for centuries

10. Sculpture (Input)

11. Architecture (Input) • Greek architecture is found all over the world today in civic buildings, banks, and monuments • The most famous Greek building is a temple called the Parthenon that was build 2,400 years ago • Architects Ictinus and Callicrates designed it • It stands on the Acropolis and displays a huge gold and ivory statue of Athena made by Phidias • Although the Parthenon was made of stone, the building did not appear heavy

12. Architecture (Input) • Graceful marble columns supported the roof • Above the columns was the frieze, or horizontal band, that ran around the entire building • Carvings on the frieze told stories of mythology • Other carvings decorated the pediment, a triangular section that rose above the main entrance • People believe that the statues were while marble, however they were very colorful and the color washed away over time

13. Architecture (Input)

14. Lyric Poetry (Input) • Greeks began to write shorter poems after Homer’s long stories • Performers sang these poems while playing the lyre • These poetic songs became lyric poetry that often expressed a personal viewpoint • These were spoken at religious festivals and weddings • Some were performed solo and others as a chorus, or group of people who sang and danced • Their singing represented the voice of the people praising the gods • Greeks wrote poetry on many different subjects • Alcaeus wrote poems about politics and war • Sappho wrote about human emotions

15. Greek Drama (Input) • Modern theater came from Greek religious festivals • Drama is a Greek word meaning a play or performance on stage • Theater, tragedy, comedy and scene are also from the Greek language • Greek theaters were build outdoors on hillsides • The audience sat on the slopes surrounding the flat around the stage • Greek dramas developed from choral performances honoring the god Dionysus

16. Greek Drama (Input) • Individual actors took on the roles of characters • The chorus made comments on the action and advised the characters • Wealthy citizens often funded the trainingand costumes • Plays became a central feature at festivals • Prizes were awarded to the best play, best chorus, and the best actor. • Men played all of the characters • They wore wigs and masks to play women’s parts

17. Tragedy and Comedy (Input) • Dramatists wrote plays of tragedy and comedy • Tragedy often came from mythology or Homer’s poems • They often traced the downfall of heroic figures caught in violent conflict with their family, their city, or the gods • Sophocles write the tragedy Antigone • Greek comedies dealt with current events Greek culture, society, and politicians • Comedies sometimes made serious points like protests against war • Aristophanes was the most famous comic playwright • Two of his comedies are still performed today (The Frogs and Lysistrata)

18. Fables (Input)

19. Fables (Input) • Greeks created fables, stories that taught a lesson • The most famous are Aesop’s Fables • Aesop was an Ethiopian slave who lived on the Greek island of Samos during the sixth century B.C. • Later he was freed for his learning and wit • Aesop traveled widely around the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Asia, collecting and retelling his fables • Later on many of his fables became popular in the fourth century B.C.

20. Check for Understanding • Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. • Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. • On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

21. Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank • _______________ is a triangular section that rose above the main entrance of architecture. • Pediment

22. Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question. • What did performers often sing while playing a stringed instrument known as the lyre? • Lyric poems

23. Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question. • What was the main subject of Greek sculptures? • The human figure

24. Guided Practice/Independent Practice • Guided Practice • Complete questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. • If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. • Independent Practice • Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Homework • Note-taking guide on the reverse side.