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Nationalism and Political Revolutions

Nationalism and Political Revolutions. A Quick Recap. French Revolution had failed to keep republic Metternich (Austrian prime minister) pushes for conservatism Congress of Vienna meets to balance European power Conservative monarchs put back in power. Nationalism and Liberalism.

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Nationalism and Political Revolutions

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  1. Nationalism and Political Revolutions

  2. A Quick Recap • French Revolution had failed to keep republic • Metternich (Austrian prime minister) pushes for conservatism • Congress of Vienna meets to balance European power • Conservative monarchs put back in power

  3. Nationalism and Liberalism • Revolutionary ideas spread to other European nations • Countries affected: • German states • Prussia • Italy • Poland • Belgium • France Remember the Differences: • Nationalism • National independence or unification main motivation • Liberalism • Desired reforms within the state (not to break away)

  4. Liberal Revolts • Sought more voting rights and better working conditions • Argument for universal male suffrage (UMS) • More successful in France and Britain • After a 2nd revolution, France parliament elected by UMS • Britain gives right to vote to middle class

  5. Revolutions Recap Revolutions of the 1830s Revolutions of 1848 • France establishes a new limited monarchy • Belgium gains independence from Dutch Republic • Failed German unification • Failed revolution attempts against Austria

  6. Revolt in German States • German Confederation (38 German states) • Austria and Prussia biggest • Denmark and France also control some territories • Frankfurt Assembly formed to draft new liberal constitution • Wanted a unified German state • Did not gain support from Frederick William IV of Prussia

  7. Rise of Prussia • Has become a powerful European state by 1860s • Known for its militarism(reliance on military strength) • Army attempts to increase size; legislature refuses to provide funding • New leader of Prussia: Wilhelm I

  8. Otto von Bismarck • Prussian chancellor (advises the king) • Practiced “realpolitik” • Politics based off of reality, not ethics • Unify German through any means • Raised powerful military • Done without approval of legislature

  9. Strongest Power in Europe • Successfully defeats Denmark and Austria • Wanted Alsace-Lorraine (owned by France) • Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) • France loses key providences • William I becomes Kaiser • “Caesar” of Second German Empire

  10. Independence in Mexico September 16 Mexican Independence Day • Spanish control weakening in Latin America • Revolt led by Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico • Revolution crushed and Hidalgo executed • Inspired other attempts • Peninsulares and Creoles overthrew Spanish rule • Independence declared in 1821 • Monarchy--->Republic in 1823 Augustin de Iturbide 1822-1823

  11. Nationalism in the U.S. • Conflicts over states rights and slavery lead to conflict between North and South • Civil War (1861-1865) • ~800,000 casualties • South failed to secure independence • North • Industrialized • Abolitionist (wanted slavery to end) • South • Agrarian • Feared laws that would end slavery

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