Styles of Architecture

1. Styles of Architecture

2. What is Architecture? • Architecture is the art and profession of designing buildings. • The word Architecture(Greek) has a historical meaning: • May refer to a building style of a particular culture or to an artistic movement such as Greek, Gothic, and Renaissance architecture.

3. What is Architecture? • Architecture has many artistic qualities but must also satisfy practical considerations. • Example: Office Buildings • A building cannot just be aesthetically pleasing. • Needs to accompany the comfort and efficiency levels for people in it. • If the building does not fulfill comfort, it fails architecturally.

4. Architectural Style • Architectural style is a way of classifying architecture by the features of design, leading to a terminology such as “Gothic” style.

5. Neolithic Architecture • Also known as “Stone-Age” architecture contains some of the oldest known structures made by mankind.

6. Neolithic Architecture • Neolithic Architects were great builders who used mainly mud-brick to construct houses and villages. • Houses were plastered and painted with ancient scenes of humans and animals. • Many of the more famous Neolithic structures were remarkably made by enormous stones.

9. Stonehenge

10. Egyptian Architecture • Due to lack of wood most Egyptian architecture was made with mud-brick and stone. • Most ancient Egyptian towns have been lost because they were situated in the cultivated and flooded area of the Nile Valley. • Temples and tombs have survived: • Built on ground unaffected by the Nile flood • Constructed of stone.

11. Temple of Ramesses II

14. Classical Architecture • Classical architecture is derived from the architecture of ancient Greece and ancient Rome. • Romans built more kinds of structures than any earlier civilization. • In addition to houses, temples, and palaces, Romans constructed public baths, shops, theaters, and outdoor arenas.

15. Colosseum

16. Pont du Gard

21. St. Peter’s

22. Gothic Architecture • Included pointed arches and stained-glass windows. • Pointed arch was introduced for both visual and structural reasons. • Gothic cathedrals could be highly decorated with statues and paintings.

26. Victorian Architecture • During the Industrial Revolution Victorian builders had access to new materials and technologies. • Mass-production and mass-transit made ornamental parts affordable.

27. Victorian architects and builders applied many decorations to the buildings. • They used lots of brackets, spindles, scrollwork and other machine-made building parts.

31. Colonial Architecture • The Colonial house is expected to be symmetrical (balanced) with windows on either side of a central doorway. • The earliest buildings were constructed of wood and later out of brick. • There are usually three to five windows across the second floor.

35. Modern Architecture • Began to use simple form and the elimination of ornamentation. • Use materials such as iron, steel, concrete, and glass. • The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support. • Modern architecture seen in most skyscrapers.