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FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900)

1st RR’s in Brit  Profits. Dev. Contin. interiors. Serious shortage of horses. More prod  Jobs  $ in ec.  Sales  Etc. . Medi . & agr . advances raise stand. of living. More people can afford consumer goods. Need to expand steam engine’s versatility.

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FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900)

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  1. 1st RR’s in Brit Profits Dev. Contin. interiors Serious shortage of horses More prod  Jobs  $ in ec.  Sales  Etc. Medi. & agr. advances raise stand. of living More people can afford consumer goods Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Can feed once isolated areas 1st working locomotive (1804) Can grow cash crops Growing government involvement in: Standard gauges & safety measures Funding of RR’s Location of RR’s Shorter transp. time & cheaper rates Efforts to create steam locomotive FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Virtual explosion of new inventions & tech (FC.117)

  2. FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110)

  3. Need to expand steam engine’s versatility FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Need to do what with steam engine?

  4. Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Known as?

  5. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110)

  6. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Need stronger iron for what?

  7. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Process & what else it made possible? Coalbrookedale bridge, built in 1780, was 45 feet high with a span of 100 feet and demonstrated dramatically the potential of the new cheaper iron being produced.

  8. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Impact on horses?

  9. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  10. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Efforts to create?

  11. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  12. The Frenchman, Nicholas Cugnot, probably deserves credit for the first steam locomotive. He successfully tested his 3-wheeled steam car in Paris 1769, getting it up to six miles per hour. Unfortunately, with the crowd urging him to go faster, he pushed it up to nine miles per hour, whereupon it either exploded or he ran it into a wall (or maybe ran into a wall and it blowed up real good). Either way, Cugnot was arrested and jailed as a madman.

  13. William Murdock who built a working locomotive in 1784, was working on a 3-wheeled steam engine one night when it ran away from him and scared the local vicar who thought it was work of the Devil. Murdock also pioneered gas lighting. No telling what people thought of that.

  14. Steam cars built by Richard Trevithich in 1800 and 1808

  15. - Sun & planet gear Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  16. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  17. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  18. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  19. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips -1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  20. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  21. The first train fatality occurred on themaiden run of the Liverpool and Manchester Railroad in 1830, a gala event that involved eight trains, each carrying 100 passengers, including the Duke of Wellington.

  22. William Huskisson, a Member of Parliament, upon stepping off one train when it stopped for water was immediately hit by the Rocket on an adjacent track. George Stephenson personally drove Huskisson on a train to get medical help, traveling at the unheard of speed of 36 miles per hour. But it was too late for Huskisson, who died an hour later. The Duke of Wellington was so upset that he didn’t ride another train until he accompanied Queen Victoria on a trip in 1843.

  23. Getting On Track: The Logistics of Trains

  24. Stationary steam engines were an early method for hauling loads up steep inclines until locomotives became more powerful. One such engine was used on the last leg of the Charleston-Hamburg line in South Carolina.

  25. Another issue was wheel design. There were two competing designs: flanged wheels that overlapped the top of a flat rail and flat wheels kept on the rail by an L-shaped rail. Flanged wheels with the treads coned down to the outside managed curves better because the momentum of the turn would shift the outer wheel, which has a greater distance to travel, to its larger diameter compared to the inner wheel that has shifted correspondingly to its smaller diameter. Therefore, one rotation of the “larger” outer wheel will take that wheel farther than one rotation of the “smaller” inner wheel, thus compensating for the greater distance to travel on that curve.

  26. Coupling Railroad Cars Together Early train cars were joined with chains that jerked passenger’s necks until the more stable link-and-pin coupler was adopted from the U.S. However, railroad workers had to manually put in or lift out the pins to couple or uncouple the cars, running the risk of getting a hand crushed if the train moved as they guided the link into the socket of the second train car. One side effect of the injuries caused by the link-and-pin system of coupling was the increased development and availability of prosthetic limbs. Companies that manufactured prosthetic limbs especially advertised in railroad journals and would list of all the railroads that had purchased their products. In 1873, the more efficient and automatic Janney coupler was patented, which automatically coupled and uncoupled the cars. This saved a lot of railroad workers’ limbs, but didn’t help business for prosthetic limb companies.

  27. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106)

  28. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br*** Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Miles of track in 1830? Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116)

  29. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Miles of track in 1840? Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116)

  30. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Miles of track in 1850?

  31. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116)

  32. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) - Eur. only 8k & US 9k Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Miles of track in 1890?

  33. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) - Eur. only 8k & US 9k - 1890- 20k in Br., Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116)

  34. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) - Eur. only 8k & US 9k - 1890- 20k in Br., 26k in Ger; Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Miles of track in US?

  35. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) - Eur. only 8k & US 9k - 1890- 20k in Br., 26k in Ger; 167k in US; Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116) Miles of track in Russia by 1900?

  36. - Sun & planet gear -Coach flips kill many -1 man in 9 such flips ->1st train fatality 1825- Rainhill trials: must haul 20T at 10mph-> Rocket won 1830- Maiden run: 8 trains each w/100 passengers - Propaganda vs. trains - RR expansion in Br - 95 miles (1830) -> 1500 (1840) -> 6600 (1850) - Eur. only 8k & US 9k - 1890- 20k in Br., 26k in Ger; 167k in US; 48k in Rus. (1900) Need to expand steam engine’s versatility Patent to convert oscillating to rotary motion in 1780s Need stronger iron to make stronger boilers Rolling & puddling process  Cheap rails for RR’s Serious shortage of horses Efforts to create steam locomotive 1st working locomotive (1804) 1st RR’s in Brit Profits FC. 112 RAILROADS & THEIR IMPACT (c.1825-1900) James Watts’ more efficient steam engine (FC.110) Napoleonic Wars (FC.106) Rapid expansion of RR’s in Britain Spreads to other countries (FC.116)

  37. European railroads in 1850?

  38. European Railroads up to 1820

  39. European Railroads in 1913

  40. Passenger Accommodations on early trains

  41. Early railroad passengers

  42. Early railroad stations

  43. If dinosaurs had railroads, maybe they could have taken an express train to escape that comet.

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