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Unit 4: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (1650 – 1789)

Unit 4: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (1650 – 1789). Before the Scientific Revolution: Renaissance Inventors and Technology. The Mechanical Clock.

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Unit 4: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (1650 – 1789)

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  1. Unit 4: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (1650 – 1789) Before the Scientific Revolution: Renaissance Inventors and Technology

  2. The Mechanical Clock • Giovanni de Dondi - a physician invented the first astronomical clock (The Astrarium), in Padua (University – est. 1222), Italy in 1364. • 16 years to complete it! • It was developed to calcualte the position of the planets; not to keep time.

  3. Eye Glasses (Spectacles) • SalvinoD’Armate(1284) invented the first pair of eye glasses in Florence, Italy. • There are some who dispute that he was the inventor.

  4. Printing Press • Johannes Gutenberg was a German goldsmith and printer who’s invention of mechanical movable type printing press (1436) in Mainz, Germany started the Printing Revolution and is regarded as the greatest event of the Renaissance.

  5. Flushing Toilet • Sir John Harrington invented the flush toilet (water closet) or the “john” in 1596 • He was a member of Queen Elizabeth I’s court and was a well-known writer during the Elizabethan Period. • She wouldn’t use it because it was too noisy! • Thomas Crapper (1880s) installed numerous toilets in England, but did not invent it.

  6. Compound Microscope • Zacharias Janssen (1595) built the first microscope in Holland with the help of his father. • They were spectacle makers in Middleburg, Holland. • Could magnify objects 3 to 9 times.

  7. Telescope • Hans Lippershey (1608) invented the telescope in Middelburg, Holland and it is very similar to telescopes used today. • One of the moon’s craters and a minor planet are named in his honor.

  8. Submarine • Cornelius Drebbel, also a builder of microscopes and telescopes, built the first navigable sub in 1620 while working for the English Royal Navy. • His 3rd sub had 6 oars and could carry 16 people.

  9. The Match • A well-known alchemist, Robert Boyle invented the first match in London, England in 1680. • He and an assistant coated a piece of coarse paper with phosphorus, then produced a flame by drawing a sulfur-tipped wooden splint through a fold in the paper, but it would be many years before they would be widely used.

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