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INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society

INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society. Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits. CENTRAL THEME. Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and society for innovation research and -policy. S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETY Inseparable.

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INNOVATION STUDIES & - POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURY Impacts from trends in economy and society

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  1. INNOVATION STUDIES &-POLICY IN THE 21st CENTURYImpacts from trends in economy and society Prof. dr. ir. Ruud E. Smits 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  2. CENTRAL THEME Consequences and challenges of major trends in economy and society for innovation research and -policy 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  3. S&T, ECONOMY & SOCIETYInseparable • Innovation Systems • Seamless web • Social Construction Of Technology • Co-evolution • Mode 1 Mode 2 • Technological culture 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  4. AN EXAMPLE OF A TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURE 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  5. OUTLINE • What and why? • FourMajor Trends • Consequences for Policy & Research • To wind up 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  6. INNOVATION: WHAT & WHY? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  7. WHAT?Inventions and innovations An innovation is a succesful application of an invention Innovation processes are complex processes of change characterised by co-evolution of scientific, technological, societal and economic systems 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  8. WHY?To innovate is difficult • Nuclear energy • Intelligence in the ‘net’ or in the PC? • Innovation in SME’s • Computers in the schools • Genetically modified food • Failing new high tech firms • Automation catastrophes 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  9. 4 MAJOR TRENDS 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  10. 1. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN OUR ECONOMY • Shift from agriculture industry (knowledge intensive) services • Advent of Cultural Industry • Revolution in agriculture: from mass production to specialties • Increase knowledge intensive goods and services 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  11. INCREASE KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE GOODS AND SERVICES 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  12. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • Dynamics innovation in services • Role knowledge intensive (business) services in innovation • Role IT in the New (?) Economy • Knowledge infrastructure: agriculture, services, IT • How to quantify/measure not only input, but also (intangible aspects of) throughput and output of innovation processes? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  13. 2. THE AGE OF THE LIFE SCIENCES • 21st century belongs to biotechnology: • revolutionary changes in health-care system • many new technology based firms (NASDAQ) • Changes in innovation processes: • public-private markets • risky product-development • many important ethical issues 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  14. THE AGE OF OF THE LIFE SCIENCESManyethical issues: • (human) Cloning • Bio-patenting of human material • Xeno-transplantation • Genetic screening & privacy • Preserving biodiversity • Research with human embryos 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  15. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • Dynamics innovation in life sciences • Innovating in public-private markets • How to handle ethical issues? 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  16. 3. ADVENT OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY • End of ‘top down’ steering • From discrete loosely coupled to fuzzy strongly coupled systems • Optimizing systems in stead of parts • Growing importance of:. Strategic alliances. Flexibility. Interface between organisations and systems • IT and sustainable development: driving forces and facilitators 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  17. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • How to innovate in chains, clusters and networks? • How to handle competition versus co-operation? • How to mobilise the creative potential of users? • New role of government: concept & instruments • Role of intermediaries 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  18. 4. CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE • From supply- to demand driven • 2nd order Knowledge Infrastructure: knowledge intensive business services • Distributed Knowledge Base:. Types of knowledge. Sources of knowledge. Users of knowledge. Transfer of knowledge • From Mode 1 Mode 2 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  19. QUESTIONS & CHALLENGES • New institutions, relations, missions in research system • Role of multidisciplinary research in monodisciplinary research systems • Quality control in a non-academic setting • Role intermediaries, KIBS, 2nd order KIS • Instruments to effectively involve users • Status of researchers • New, broader set of indicators 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  20. MAJOR TRENDSTo wind up • Structural changes in the economy: • services • new sectors • knowledge intensive products and services • 21st century: life sciences • Advent of network society/economy • Changing knowledge infrastructures 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  21. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICY AND - RESEARCH 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  22. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIESFurther development integral innovation policy STARTING POINTS: • Taking whole innovation system into account • Network character, important role intermediaries • Interaction with users, learning, awareness, mobilising creative potential users • Distributed nature knowledge base • Multi-layered structure: international, national, regional, local 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  23. CONSEQUENCES FOR INNOVATION POLICIESFurther development integral innovation policy ACTIONS: • Redesign roles and relations of actors and layers:. Government partner. Users & KIS interaction (intermediaries?) . Politics stimulating debate • Improving strategic intelligence: technology assessment, foresight, clusters, indicators • Re-design KIS: consequences mode1 mode 2 • New instruments: participative and communicative 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  24. INNOVATION RESEARCHCases • Innovation in services • Innovation in life sciences • IT and sustainability • IT and the (New?) Economy 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  25. INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory • Two main streams:. Processes (SCOT, evolutionary,...). Systems (Hughes, David, Freeman, Lundvall,..) • Two problems:.Seperated. Description in terms of entities in stead of systems 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  26. INNOVATION RESEARCHTheory • Role of intermediaries in innovation processes • Innovation in chains, clusters, networks and systems • Development of indicators (throughput, output, intangibles) 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  27. INNOVATION RESEARCHAnalysis and support of decision-making • Content:. Insight in potential & assesment & implementation. Technology assessment, technology foresight, clusterstudies, indicators • Process:. Support actors in innovation processes in networks . Scenario’s, gaming, group decision support systems, strategic workshops 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  28. TO WIND UP 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  29. TO WIND UP • Innovation is the work of man, but.... • ....making science and technology work is by no means easy, and..... • ....very dependent on:. the further development of integral innovation policies . deeper insight in relation between processes and systems. adequate indicators and strategic intelligence 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  30. MEDIATOR BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ARTEFACTS AND USERS 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  31. INNOVATIONTo wind up • Science and technology are the work of man, and by this policy makes sense • Influencing S&T in the direction we want is not easy • Succesful innovation is far more than pure S&T 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

  32. MODE 1 Academic context Disciplinary Homogeneous Hierarchical & stable Academic quality control Accountable for academic world MODE 2 Application oriented Transdisciplinary Heterogeneous Heterarchical and variable Broader quality control Accountable for society as a whole FROM MODE 1 MODE 2 6CP workshopInnovation Policies for a new Era

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