SAD

1. SAD

2. Dissociative Fugue

3. Psychological Disorders and Treatment Myers Ch. 12 & 13

4. Disorders in pop-culture • As Good as it Gets • Copycat • Talladega Nights • What about Bob

5. Define ‘abnormal’

6. Defining disorders • 1) Deviant • 2) Distressful • 3) Dysfunctional • Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

7. Understanding disorders & perspectives • Medical Model—approaching abnormal psychology as a disease that has symptoms, and can be diagnosed and treated. • Psychoanalytic Model—disorders are expressions of internal conflict • Cognitive-Behavioral Model—disorders are the development of learning maladaptive behaviors…which can be unlearned.

8. Integrated Models • Diathesis-stress model—suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress • Systems approach—(biopsychosocial) suggests that disorders are lifestyle diseases—reduces the emphasis on predisposition

9. Terms to know… • Etiology—cause • Comorbidity— co-occurence of two or more disorders in a singe individual • Insanity—legal not medical

10. Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology • Multiple Personality Disorder (DID) • Constructed memories • Exists primarily in the US

11. Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder • The Purple Heart is not given to soldiers diagnosed with PTSD because it is not a physical wound. • Psychological stigma • Why so prevalent now?

12. Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology • Cultural/Gender Bias in diagnosis • ADHD/ODD • Histrionic Personality Disorder—attention seeking, provocative, heightened sexual activity

13. Anxiety Disorders • GAD • Phobias • Panic disorders • OCD

14. Mood Disorders • Bipolar Disorder • Mania and depressed states • Treated with lithium • Virginia Woolf, Winston Churchill, Ernest Hemmingway, Teddy Roosevelt • Depressive Disorders • Major Depressive Disorder • SAD • “learned helplessness theory” • SSRI

15. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder • Dissociative Amnesia—loss of memory of significant personal information • Dissociative Fugue—loss of memory of one’s personal history along with an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity

16. Developmental Disorders • ADHD • Conduct Disorders (ODD) • Learning Disorders • Communication Disorders • Autism—impairment in communication and social interaction (can be considered an emotional deficit)

17. Personality Disorders • Odd/Eccentric • Schizotypal, Paranoid, Schizoid • Dramatic/erratic— • antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic • Anxious/inhibited— • avoidant or dependant personality disorders

18. Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • One of the most devastating and mystifying of the mental disorders • Occurs in roughly 1% of the population • Effects men slightly more than women • Late onset disorder

19. Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Delusion—false belief, often bizarre, grandiose, and/or persecution. • Hallucination—false perceptual experience (i.e., hearing voices • Disorganized speech—severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently • Grossly disorganized behavior—behavior that is inappropriate for the situation • Negative Symptoms—emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, etc…aka, and absence of certain normal behavior or motivation

20. Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid Type—characterized by absurd illogical delusions, vivid hallucinations, resulting in poor judgment and dangerous behaviors • “A Beautiful Mind” • John Nash

21. Types of Schizophrenia • Catatonic Type—characterized by alternating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement

22. Types of Schizophrenia • Disorganized Type—a more severe disintegration of the personality. Emotional distortion is typically manifested in inappropriate laughter, peculiar mannerisms, bizarre often obscene behavior.

23. Types of Schizophrenia • Undifferentiated Type—displays symptoms of previous three types • Residual Type—mild symptoms following a more intense episode

24. Biological Factors • Dopamine hypothesis • Strong genetic component • Treated with dopamine blocking medication—antipsychotics • 2 to 3 times more likely to smoke—self medicating? Answers for treatment? • TardiveDyskinesia

25. Positive Psychology • Martin Seligman—human happiness and virtue deserve the same attention as disorders • What creates happiness? • Genetics • Friends • Money • Comes from goodness

26. Treatment and Therapy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3JPa2mvSQ4

27. Types of therapists • Psychologist • Psychiatrist • Social Worker • Counselor

28. The stuff we used to do… • Hydrotherapy = waterboarding • Lobotomies • Blood letting • Cocaine • Shock therapy

29. Types of Modern Therapy • Psychodynamic Therapy • 29% of therapy • Why we still talk about Freud • Dream Analysis • Free Association • Projective Tests

30. Types of Therapy • Behavioral Therapy • Focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors into more constructive ones • Token economy— • Exposure Therapy— • systematic desensitization • Exposure hierarchy • Aversive conditioning

31. Types of Therapy • Humanistic/Existential Therapies • Person Centered Therapy: Rogers • Active listening—paraphrase, clarification, reflect feelings • Unconditional positive regard • Gestalt Therapy: the whole person/situation—role playing

32. Types of Therapy • Cognitive Therapy • Involves teaching clients to change belief patterns. • CBT—Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; very effective in treating depression, and anxiety. • Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama

33. Types of Therapy • Group Therapy • Couple and family therapy • Substance abuse • Divorce support

34. Drug Therapies • Psychopharmacology • Antipsychotic drugs—Schizophrenia—dopamine • Anti--anxiety medications • Increase GABA • High risk of tolerance development • Withdrawal causes anxiety, so…

35. Drug Therapies • Antidepressants and mood stabilizers • Connections to suicide? • SSRIs • Serotonin and Norepinephrine