Evangelos Tzanatos , Stylianos Somarakis, George Tserpes, Constantin Koutsikopoulos

1. Evangelos Tzanatos, Stylianos Somarakis, George Tserpes, Constantin Koutsikopoulos Identifying and classifying small-scale fisheries métiers in the 　　　Ｍediterranean: A case study in the Patraikos Gulf, Greece 確認及分類地中海小規模漁業之專業類群 - 以希臘帕特雷海灣為一例 Fisheries Research 81 (2006) 158–168 Reporter:陳晛譽

2. Introduction • Small-scale fisheries comprise an important part of the fishing sector in the Mediterranean Sea. In Greece, their societal and economic importance is particularly high involving more than 97％ of all fishing vessels. • The principal characteristics of the small-scale fisheries are the high diversification of gears and techniques, the changing patterns of their use in time and space and the varying degree of fishermen’s dependence of fishing.

3. Aim of the present study A.Identify the main small-scale fisheries métiers practiced in the Patraikos Gulf, one of the most important fishing grounds in the Ionian Sea. B.Describe the main characteristics of the identified métiers. C.Evaluate and classify métiers according to their activity patterns, production and income.

4. Métiers • Widely used to describe fisheries at a level incorporating the largest part of their heterogeneity. • Each métiers is a group of fishing operations defined by the combination of fishing gear, target species, area and season. • A métiers-based approach is likely to be useful for the design of stratified sampling surveys for the small-scale fisheries but also helpful for understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of fishing effort allocation.

5. Methodology Sampling Identification and characterization of métiers

6. Sampling A. Date: Aug., 2004 ~ July, 2005 – 116 daily trips ﹐144fishing operations B. Location: Patraikos Gulf C. Fishing operation included: 1. The target species, as declared by the skipper interviewed before operation 2. The type of the gear and its technical characteristics 3. The characteristics of the fishing ground 4. Catch weight by species 5. Market price by species

7. Identification and characterization of métiers A. Hierarchical clustering was according to Ward’s method, mainly based on: 1. the months of year that operations were carried out 2. the gear used 3. the species declared as targeted in more than 40％ of operation B. Differences in the catch composition among the identified metiers – MANOVA C. Difference in mean catch weight, diversity and income among metiers – ANOVA D. Identify the main species in terms of both production and market value – SIMPER

8. Results Métiers identification Classification of métiers Métiers characteristics

9. Dendrograms form hierarchical clustering using target species data 6 groups Trammel nets 3 groups Longlines

10. Métiers identified in the Patraikos Gulf and their main characteristics 11 5

11. Canonical variables plot of the métiers fishing operations

12. CPUE composition for the 10 most abundant species of the identified métiers

13. Annual percentage of fishing operations

14. Plot of coefficient of variation vs. average value of income per fishing day

15. Main small-scale fisheries target species in the Patraikos Gulf ′

16. Dendrogram from hierarchical cluster analysis of métiers ′

17. Métiers groups defined by the hierarchical cluster analysis ′

18. Discussion Environmental Technology Métiers Biological Economic Catch

19. Thanks for your attention!

20. Discussion • The use of passive gears close to the coast, where seasonal environmental variability and spatial heterogeneity are high, promotes the diversification of fishing practices. • The skippers of small-scale fishing vessels have to decide on the choice of metiers in two time scales: daily, before the setting of the gear and, annually, when they purchase and prepare the gear. • Changes in the biological or economic conditions and the relative profitability of the metiers result in a redistribution of fishing effort. • The present study suggests that certain target species in particular metiers may have a low percentage in terms of catch, however they contribute considerably and consistently to the fisherman’s income.

21. Smaller vessels are involved in relatively seasonal fisheries often switching from high income-low risk to lower income-more uncertain metiers. • Exploring the pattern of metier succession throughout the year in a large sample of fishing vessels would provide more insights into the local fishing activity profile of the small-scale sector. • Switching between metiers, its reasons and the result of using different gears in terms of fishing effort are issues that deserve further investigations. • Identification of meta-metiers could also help in improving existing sampling designs.