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Role of Internet Search in Elections: Established and Challenged Democracies

This research project by the University of Glasgow's Adam Smith Research Foundation examines the impact of internet search on elections in established and challenged democracies. It analyzes search trends, candidate controversies, and the influence of mass media. The study includes case studies from the UK and USA presidential elections, as well as the Italian and Egyptian political landscapes. It explores the citizen-centric approach in determining the search agenda and highlights the emergence of online political leaders.

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Role of Internet Search in Elections: Established and Challenged Democracies

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  1. Google: The Role of Internet Search in Elections in Established and Challenged Democracies Research project hosted by the University of Glasgow’s Adam Smith Research Foundation Funded by the ESRC www.voterecology.com

  2. Citizen-centricapproach • Determiningcitizen agenda by identifyingunexpectedsearchterms(i.e. scandals/controversialpolicies/social media events)

  3. Google Trends

  4. Nexusanalysis

  5. From Established Democracies to transitional States: A Cross Country Case Study (UK 2010 / USA 2012 presidentialelections) • Search trends & candidates’ gaffes on sensitive issues (2013 Parliament Elections campaign) • Berlusconi & mass media • Search trends: scandal of Oscar Giannino (2011 revolution – 2013 coup d’état) • Activism, protests and search agenda ESTABLISHED DEMOCRACY USA/UK CHALLENGED DEMOCRACY ITALY TRANSITIONAL STATE EGYPT

  6. 2012 Presidential election

  7. 2012 Presidential election: media event Presidential TV debate (Candidates Abu al Futuh & Amr Mussa) Election (round 1)

  8. Egyptian public opinion (2011 revolution - 2013 coup d’état) • Youth unemployment • Corruption • Relationship with Israel • Army’s involvement in public affairs • Application of Islamic law • Post-revolutionary Constitution • Liberal opposition leaders • Conservative parties (Islamic bloc) • Youth movements • Protestors and activists • Militaries Constant: Political Issues Variable: Political actors

  9. Unexpected search: 3 categories of key actors

  10. Official politicalactors

  11. Activists and alternative political agents

  12. Martyrs of the revolution

  13. Activists VS politicalofficials

  14. Martyrs of the revolution VS politicalofficials

  15. The EgyptianSearch Agenda • Controversialpoliticalofficials reachhigher SV • SV for Egyptian martyrs = SV minorpoliticalstakeholders • SV of famousactivists ≥ SV of major politicalstakeholders

  16. Conclusion • Political action ratherthanpoliticalideology • Decreasinginterest for traditionalpolitical structures • Emergingpolitical leaders active online and likely to influence search agenda • Potentialframework for fluiddemocarcy

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