1 / 110

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Nomenclature. Writing names from formulas and formulas from names. Chemical Nomenclature Name to Formula. Determine the Type of Compound. 3 Types of Compounds Ionic Covalent Acids. Types of compounds. Identifying Ionic Compounds Name to formula.

Download Presentation

Chemical Nomenclature

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chemical Nomenclature Writing names from formulas and formulas from names

  2. Chemical NomenclatureName to Formula

  3. Determine the Type of Compound • 3 Types of Compounds • Ionic • Covalent • Acids

  4. Types of compounds

  5. Identifying Ionic CompoundsName to formula • Contain a metal or a polyatomic ion • Identifying metals • Use name to find symbol, find on periodic table (left and below stairstep) • Identifying polyatomic ions • KNOW IONS • End in ---ate or ---ite with few exceptions • Cyanide CN- • Hydroxide OH- • Peroxide O22- • Ammonium NH4+

  6. All of the following are ionic • strontium sulfide • Stronium (Sr) is a metal • cobalt (II) arsenide • Cobalt (Co) is a metal • cesium phosphate • Cesium (Cs) is a metal and phosphate is a polyatomic ion • ammonium sulfate • Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions

  7. Types of compounds

  8. Identifying Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals Name to formula • Determine symbols from names • Check on the periodic table • (Nonmetals are to the right and above the stairstep line)

  9. All of the following are covalent • carbon disulfide: carbon(C) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals • sulfur hexafluoride: sulfur (S) and fluorine(F) are nonmetals • dinitrogen pentoxide: nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are nonmetals

  10. Types of compounds

  11. Identifying Acids • Name to Formula • Acids have the word “acid” in the name • All of the Following are Acids • hydrochloric acid • sulfuric acid • nitric acid

  12. Identifying Compound Type from Name • For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent: • A. ammonium sulfide • B. cesium chloride • C. nitrogen triiodide • D. telluric acid Answers

  13. Types of compounds

  14. Determining Formulas of Ionic Compounds 4 types of ions • Representative metal ions • Transition and post transitional metal ions • All others • Monatomic nonmetal ions • Polyatomic ions

  15. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds • back to 31

  16. Representative Metal Ions • Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag • Charge = group number • Name = element name • Barium ion: Ba, Ba is in group IIA, so charge is +2 Ba2+ • Aluminum ion: Al, Al is in group IIIA, so charge is +3 Al3+ • Zinc ion: Zn, Zn is in group IIB, so charge is +2 Zn2+

  17. Find the charges of the following ions • calcium ion • cadmium ion • potassium ion • gallium ion • Answers

  18. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  19. Transition metal ions • All other metals • (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA, VIA) • Form >1 ion • Name is metal name (charge) • Charge is in Roman numerals

  20. Transition metal Ions Ion Name: Symbol and Charge iron(II) Fe2+ tin(IV) Sn4+ tin(II) Sn2+ chromium(VI) Cr6+

  21. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  22. Nonmetal Ions • Monatomic • Charge = group # - 8 Ion name Group #ChargeSymbol oxide 6 (6 - 8) = -2 O2- phosphide 5 (5 - 8) = -3 P3- iodide 7 (7 - 8) = -1 I-

  23. Determine the charges on the following ions • Sulfide • Nitride • Chloride • Carbide Answers

  24. Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

  25. Memorize These Polyatomic Ions Chemistry 152 List of Polyatomic Ions to be Memorized Name Ion Name Ion phosphate PO43- carbonate CO32- hydrogen phosphate HPO42- hydrogen carbonate HCO3- dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- nitrate NO3- permanganate MnO4- nitrite NO2- dichromate Cr2O72- acetate C2H3O2- chromate CrO42- oxalate C2O42- perchlorate ClO4- borate BO33- chlorate ClO3- hydroxide OH- chlorite ClO2- cyanide CN- hypochlorite ClO- thiocyanate SCN- periodate IO4- peroxide O22- iodate IO3- ammonium NH4+ iodite IO2- mercury(I) Hg22+ hypoiodite IO- arsenate AsO43- sulfate SO42- sulfite SO32- hydrogen sulfate HSO4- thiosulfate S2O32-

  26. Putting Ions Together • Charges have to cancel • Multiply ions by some “multiplier” to bring charges to least common multiple (LCM) • multiplier becomes subscript

  27. Determine the formula for a compound made from Fe 3+ and SO4 2- IonMultiplierLCM Fe3+ X 2 = 6 SO42- X 3 = -6 0 Sum of the charges is zero The multipliers become the subscripts and the formula is: Fe2(SO4)3

  28. Determine the formulas of the following ionic compounds • potassium sulfide • calcium phosphate • lead (IV) chloride • ammonium nitrate

  29. Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names potassium sulfide: symbols: K, S charges: K: group 1 metal ==> K+ S: group VI nonmetal ==> s2- putting together K+ X 2 = 2 S2- X 1 = -2 formula = K2S calcium phosphate: symbols: Ca, PO43- charges: Ca: group II metal ==> Ca2+ PO43- : polyatomic ion ==> PO43- putting together Ca 2+ X 3 = 6 PO43- X 2 = -6 formula = Ca3(PO4)2

  30. Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names lead(IV)chloride: symbols: Pb, Cl charges: Pb: post - transition metal name says charge is 4 ==> Pb4+ Cl: nonmetal in group VII ==> Cl- putting together Pb4+ X 1 = 4 Cl- X 4 = -4 formula = PbCl4 ammonium nitrate: symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges ammonium = NH4+ nitrate = NO3- putting together NH4+ X 1 = 1 NO3- X 1 = -1 formula = NH4NO3

  31. Determine the formulas for the following ionic compounds • sodium oxide • barium hydroxide • cobalt (II) iodide • ammonium sulfate • Name to Formula Chart • answers

  32. Types of compounds

  33. Covalent Compounds • Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals • NO CHARGES • All bonds are covalent • Difficult to predict how will combine • Name tells formula • Prefix first element prefix second-ide • Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc

  34. Covalent CompoundsExamples carbon disulfide CS2 sulfur hexafluoride SF6 dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5

  35. Determine the formulas of the following covalent compounds • carbon tetrabromide • sulfur difluoride • dichlorine heptoxide • Answers

  36. Types of compounds

  37. Acid Nomenclature

  38. Two Types of Acids • Binary • Only two elements • HX • Name is hydro x ic acid • Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl(aq) • Oxyacids • Nonbinary • Contain a polyatomic ion • H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)

  39. Determine if the following acids are binary or oxyacids • Hydrobromic acid • Iodic acid • Nitrous acid • Hydroiodic acid • Phosphoric acid • answers

  40. Formulas of Binary acids • An acid is like an ionic compound where the metal is H • H has a +1 charge • Determine the formulas of the following binary acids • Hydroiodic acid • Hydrobromic acid • Hydrosulfuric acid • answers

  41. Acid Nomenclature

  42. Oxyacids (nonbinary) • H__polyatomic ion • Number of H on acid will be the same as the charge on the ion IonAcid ClO3- HClO3(aq) SO42- H2SO4(aq) PO43- H3PO4(aq)

  43. Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion • If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid • If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3 (aq) = chloric acid chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid

  44. Write the formulas of the following acids • iodic acid • carbonic acid • phosphorous acid • answers

  45. Determine the formulas of the following • magnesium nitride • iron (III) acetate • sulfur dioxide • hydrofluoric acid • nitrous acid • Answers

  46. Chemical NomenclatureFormula to Name

  47. Determine the Type of Compound • 3 Types of Compounds • Ionic • Covalent • Acids

  48. Types of compounds

  49. Identifying Ionic Compounds, Formula to Name • Contain a metal or polyatomic ion • Identifying metals • Look for symbol of metal • Identifying polyatomic ions • KNOW IONS • All contain > 1 atom • Compounds containing polyatomic ions will have at least three elements

  50. All of the following are ionic • FeCl3: Fe is a metal • NaBr: Na is a metal • Cr(NO3)3: Cr is a metal and NO3 is a polyatomic ion • MgCO3: Mg is a metal and CO3 is a polyatomic ion • Ni(C2H3O2)2: Ni is a metal and C2H3O2 is a polyatomic ion • NH4I : NH4 is a polyatomic ion

More Related