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Developing a Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) in the U.S.

This article discusses the development of a Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) in the U.S. It explores the importance of regional networks in the evolving landscape of advanced networking and highlights key initiatives and advancements in optical networking.

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Developing a Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) in the U.S.

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  1. Developing a Hybrid Optical/Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) in the U.S. Steven Corbató Director, Backbone Network Infrastructure Industry Strategy Council Detroit Metro Airport 21 November 2003

  2. Collaborative effort • Guy Almes • Heather Boyles • Steve Corbató • Chris Heermann • Cheryl Munn-Fremon • Rick Summerhill • Christian Todorov • Doug Van Houweling • Steven Wallace (Indiana University)

  3. Outline • Assembling the vital ingredients • High-performance national IP network - Abilene • Regional Optical Networks (RONs) • National optical capabilities - NLR • Hybrid networking - next steps • Plans for the NLR  dedicated to Internet2 • Steps towards developing a Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) …

  4. Abilene Network – second generation

  5. Abilene Focus Areas – 2003-2004 • High performance, native advanced services • Multicast • IPv6 • Large End-to-End Flows • Abilene Observatory • Supporting Network Research Community • Open Measurement & Experimentation Platform • Dedicated Capability Experimentation • Limited MPLS service • Network Security • Role of the REN-ISAC • Advanced Restoration Techniques • Potential backup arrangement with ESnet

  6. SC2003 Bandwidth Challenge

  7. One underlying hypothesis • The fundamental nature of regional networking is changing • The GigaPoP model based on provisioned, high-capacity services steadily is being replaced – on the metro and regional scales • A model of facility-based networking built with owned assets – Regional Optical Networks (RONs) – has emerged • Notably, the importance of regional networks in the traditional three-level hierarchy of U.S. advanced networking for R&E is not diminshed

  8. Distance scales for U.S. optical networking

  9. Leading & Emerging Regional Optical Initiatives • California (CALREN) • Colorado (FRGP/BRAN) • Connecticut (Connecticut Education Network) • Florida (Florida LambdaRail) • Indiana (I-LIGHT) • Illinois (I-WIRE) • Maryland, D.C. & northern Virginia (MAX) • Michigan • Minnesota • New York + New England region (NEREN) • North Carolina (NC LambdaRail) • Ohio (Third Frontier Network) • Oregon • Rhode Island (OSHEAN) • SURA Crossroads (southeastern U.S.) • Texas • Utah • Wisconsin

  10. FiberCo • Designed to support optical initiatives • Regional • National • Not an operational entity – supporting project • Will not light any fiber • Fiber options • Holding company for any future initiatives • Assignment vehicle • Regional initiatives • National initiatives (e.g., NLR) • Internet2 took responsibility for LLC formation • Idea was spin-off from NLR formation discussions • National R&E Fiber Company incorporated in Delaware • First acquisition of dark fiber for FiberCo through Level 3 Communication – 3/21/2003

  11. Available fiber topology

  12. CENIC Pacific Northwest Gigapop Pittsburgh SC Duke Univ./NCLR MATP/Va. Tech Cisco Systems Internet2 Florida LambdaRail Georgia Tech CIC Pending: Texas University Consortium NLR Current Members and Associates

  13. NLRdistinguishing features - I • Largest higher-ed owned/managed optical networking & research facility in the world • ~10,000 route-miles of dark fiber • Four 10-Gbps ’s provisioned at outset • One allocated to Internet2 • First & foremost, an experimental platform for research • Optical, switching & IP capabilities (layers 1, 2 & 3) • Research committee integral in NLR governance • Advance reservation of  capacity for research • Experimental support center

  14. NLR distinguishing features - II • Use of high speed Ethernet for WAN transport • 1O Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY is primary interface • Traditional OC-192 SONET available, too • ‘Sparse backbone’ topology • Each participant/node typically commits $5M • Concurrent responsibility for developing optical networking capabilities and sustaining performance in nodal region

  15. NLR’s ‘Virtuous Circles’ and the Vital Role of Dark Fiber

  16. Next steps for Internet2 and U.S. R&E optical networking development

  17. Overview of U.S. advanced networking environment • Despite last two years of debate, an incredible amount has been achieved: • A novel, national, facilities-based optical network - NLR – has gained critical mass and is being deployed. • A major corporate partner - Cisco - has made a substantial reinvestment and has encouraged us to reengage the researchers. • USA Waves is on the verge of a major fiber donation and has given us a conceptual model for carrier-based, incremental pricing for ’s • Over 10,000 miles of dark fiber have been acquired by the community for national and regional optical networks by CENIC, FiberCo, and others. • The Abilene Network has been upgraded to a 10-Gbps backbone and supports the research university community through initiatives such as IPv6 deployment and the Observatory.

  18. Global Lambda Integration Facility (GLIF) • Ongoing effort to build dedicated lightpaths (circuit switched sub- ’s)between HPC resources internationally • StarLight (Chicago), CA*Net (Canada), SURFnet (The Netherlands) are established leaders • NORDUnet (Scandinavia), Czech Republic, Japan active • Internet2 now proposes to enter this effort • Now placing an optical Ethernet/SONET multiplexer (Cisco 15454) in the MAN LAN facility in NYC • Planning to move the 10-Gbps IEEAF/Tyco  (NYC-Amsterdam/SURFnet) from Abilene NYC router to MAN LAN optical TDM • Will interconnect with CA*Net GLIF effort in NYC • Also will interconnect with Abilene and MAN LAN Ethernet-based int’l R&E exchange

  19. The current state of the GLIFReykjavik, August 2003

  20. Near-term options for provisioning dedicated capabilities in the U.S. Alternatives to the IP common bearer service model… • Abilene • MPLS tunnels over 10-Gbps IPv4/v6 backbone • NLR • Gigabit Ethernet service over one 10-Gbps  • I2-over-NLR (HOPI) • time-multiplexed channels over one 10-Gbps  • NLR • individual 10-Gbps ’s • FiberCo and other sources • dark fiber

  21. Towards a hybrid optical/packet infrastructure • Need to converge the two worlds of packet (Abilene) and optical circuit (GLIF) networking • Concern about IP packet network scaling (lack of >10 Gbps transport) and drawbacks (security, large data flows) • Widely recognized that the current GLIF optical networking model does not scale beyond a limited number of sites • However, dedicated capabilities allow a vehicle for advanced testing (transport technologies beyond TCP) and very high-end requirements • Potential end-states: • Hybrid model – with centrally and perhaps ‘user’ driven allocation of dedicated capabilities • Impact of hybrid experience on packet network design

  22. HOPI: raw materials  new service models • Abilene high-performance IP network • Capabilities for MPLS tunnels • 10-Gbps  over full NLR footprint • Details • 5-year commitment • Likely 10 GigE framing (in lieu of OC192c SONET) • Expect some type of ‘TDM’ infrastructure to be provisioned by Internet2 in collaboration with NLR • Additional capital investment required • Tie points for international collaboration • MAN LAN (NYC) and IEEAF  (NYC-Amsterdam) • StarLight collaboration (Chicago) • Expect similar capabilities to emerge in Seattle (Pacific Wave)

  23. One view of the NLR –Internet2 relationship

  24. Internet2 Today Applications End-to-end Performance Security Motivate Enable Middleware Services Networks

  25. Abilene-NLR Topology Mileage indicates distance between Abilene/Qwest PoPs and NLR/Level3 PoPs, where they are located in the same area

  26. HOPI Network Architecture Characteristics • Requires Inter-AS involvement/integration - includes Campus, GigaPoP, RONs, and Backbone • Granular network hierarchy • User:Lab:Department:Campus:GigaPoP:RON:Backbone • Bandwidth can be shared and/or dedicated • Shared - IP routing • Dedicated - Wavelength, TDM • Shared and dedicated - MPLS • Shared because MPLS uses the same physical resource as IP • Dedicated because it provides a connection oriented service • Dark fiber enables wavelength interconnections and the ability to control data rate independent of carrier • New operational model - requires experience using optronics in long-haul and regional areas

  27. HOPI - next steps • Convening a HOPI design team • Focused on both architecture and implementation • Leverage the set of available ‘raw materials’ • Objective: Short term trials  scalable long-term hybrid architecture • Assembling a team of advanced practicioners and experienced standards body participants (IETF, OIF) • Academic and industrial representations • Target for deliverables: early spring 2004 • Can be viewed as a prelude to the process for the 3rd generation Internet2 network architecture • 2005-2006 time frame for implementation • In the interim, we will observe the SURFnet process carefully

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