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Layering

Layering. Definition: a propagation method by which stems are rooted while still attached to the parent plant Uses propagation of “trailing” species (e.g., blackberries, raspberries) difficult-to-root species (e.g., filberts, Muscadine grapes, apple, and pear rootstocks)

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Layering

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  1. Layering • Definition: a propagation method by which stems are rooted while still attached to the parent plant • Uses • propagation of “trailing” species (e.g., blackberries, raspberries) • difficult-to-root species (e.g., filberts, Muscadine grapes, apple, and pear rootstocks) • producing larger-sized plant specimens in a short time period (dieffenbachia, crotons)

  2. Layering - advantages and disadvantages • Advantages: simple, but highly effective rooting methods, requiring little equipment/facilities • Disadvantages: slow, labor-intensive, cumbersome methods • Current trends are away from layering in favor of other methods, esp. micropropagation

  3. Simple layering • procedure - part of the stem is buried with the shoot tip out • features: • usu. done in early spring, with dormant, 1-year-old shoots easily bent • usu. rooted by fall • useful for certain shrubs, filberts

  4. How simple layering works • nutrition • stem continues to supply water/nutrients • disrupted phloem (bending, girdling, incision) causes carbohydrate, auxin accumulation at the bend • stress avoidance • because propagule remains attached during rooting • no nutrient leaching (as with mist) • light exclusion • stem sensitivity to auxin, reduced lignin production (etiolation, blanching effect)

  5. Serpentine layering • similar to simple layering - a branch is alternately covered/exposed • useful for Muscadine grapes, Wisteria, Clematis

  6. Air layering • aka pot layerage, circumposition, marcottage, gootee • aerial portion of a stem is girdled or wounded, with moist sphagnum moss (or other medium) used for light exclusion • useful for tropical, subtropical trees/shrubs, including litchi, Ficus,croton, philodendron, etc.

  7. Mound (stool) layering • plants are cut back to “stubs” before new growth starts in the spring • hilling starts when shoots are 3-5 in. long • rooted stoolshoots are removed at the end of the growing season, then planted or stored • mother plant “stubs” are left exposed till the following spring

  8. Trench layering • establishment of the mother bed: 1-year-old trees are planted at a 30˚-45˚ angle • the following season, trees are laid flat in a trench, staked down and covered (just barely) with soil • as buds break and grow out, soil is added, leaving shoot tips exposed • 6-8 in. rooted layers (e.g., ‘Paradox’ walnuts) can be harvested at the end of the growing season

  9. Plant modifications (natural layering) • tip layering • runners and stolons • offsets • suckers • crown division

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