1 / 57

Sustainable Soil and Groundwater Protection and Remediation in Bangladesh

Sustainable Soil and Groundwater Protection and Remediation in Bangladesh. Presented By Dr . Md. Abdul Alim Professor Department of Civil Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology(RUET). Introduction to Bangladesh. Area: 1,47,570 sq. km

briana
Download Presentation

Sustainable Soil and Groundwater Protection and Remediation in Bangladesh

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sustainable Soil and Groundwater Protection and Remediation in Bangladesh Presented By Dr. Md. Abdul Alim Professor Department of Civil Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology(RUET)

  2. Introduction to Bangladesh Area: 1,47,570 sq. km Population: 166,280,712 (July 2014) Photo: Map of Bangladesh

  3. Introduction to Bangladesh Cont.. Photo: World’s Longest Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach

  4. Introduction to Bangladesh Cont.. Photo: World’s Largest Mangrove Forest (Sundarban)

  5. Introduction to Bangladesh Cont.. Photo: Saint Martins Island (Narical Gingira)

  6. Introduction to Bangladesh Cont.. Photo: Madhab Kundo Water Fall

  7. Introduction to Bangladesh Cont.. Photo: Tea Garden in Bangladesh

  8. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Main Soil Problems Among Others: • Soil Erosion • Sea Water Rise and Salinization • Arsenic Contamination

  9. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Erosions: • Soil erosion is the most widespread form of degradation affecting 25% of agricultural land of Bangladesh. • Various kinds of soil erosion such as sheet, rill and gully erosion, landslide, riverbank erosion and coastal erosion are occurring in Bangladesh. • Accelerated soil erosion has been encountered in the hilly regions of the country, which occupy about 1.7 million hectares. • In a study at the Rangamatistation of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), total soil loss of 2.0 to 4.7 ton/ha per year was observed.

  10. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Erosion : Photo: Man Made Soil Erosion Due to Jhum cultivation in Bangladesh

  11. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Erosion : Photo: Man Made Problem at Chittagong of Bangladesh

  12. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Erosion : Photo: Landslide in hilly region in Bangladesh (The Daily Star, 02 July,2012)

  13. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Agroforestry: Figure: Components of Agroforestry (Hasanuzzaman,2009)

  14. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Agroforestry: Betagi-Pomora Community Forestry Project(1979) was the first agroforestry project in our country. (Hasanuzzaman,2009) Photo: Social Agroforestry in Bangladesh

  15. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont.. Bank Erosion: Photo: Bank Erosion in Jamuna (BWDB)

  16. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Bank Erosion: • From the 1970s to early the 1990s, the extent of mean annual erosion was about 3,300 hectares and 2200 hectares along both banks of the Jamuna river and Padma river. • During the last decade, it has reduced to 1,000 to 2,500 hectare per yearfor Jamuna river. But Padma erosion is same as before.(BWDB).

  17. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont.. Bank Erosion: Table: Jamuna right bank shift and changes in width due to erosion(BWDB)

  18. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Bank Protection: Photo: Embankment Protection (BWDB)

  19. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Sea Level Rise (SLR) and Salinity Intrusion: • About 53% of coastal area is affected by various degrees of soil salinity. • Over the last 25 years sea water from bay of Bengal has pushed 40 km inland throughout the inland aquifer. (H.M.Rasel,2013) Photo: Salinity Concentration Map (SRDI)

  20. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Salinity Management: • Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI ) is conducting research on soil salinity management: • It has developed technologies on saline soil management such as mulching, double mulching, pitcher irrigation, furrow and ridge system of cultivation and assessed surface water quality in some area.

  21. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Salinity Management: Photo: Crop Production in Salty soil (Dan Nosowitz)

  22. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Soil Salinity Management: Photo: Pitcher Irrigation Photo: Traditional Irrigation

  23. Soil Problems in Bangladesh Cont… Arsenic Contamination: • The irrigation water, which is uplifted from ground level by shallow and deep tube wells in rural areas of Bangladesh, add arsenic to the surface soil. The plants then uptake arsenic from this surface soil and become contaminated. Photo: Arsenic Contamination of Soil by Irrigation (pubs.acs.org)

  24. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Groundwater Usage in Bangladesh: • Drinking and Domestic Purposes (Urban and Rural) • Agricultural Purposes

  25. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Urban Water Supply System • Water supply of urban area is heavily dependent on groundwater extraction where more than 87 percent of the supplied water is being extracted from this source.

  26. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Rural Water Supply System • Water supply in villages is almost completely based on hand pumps and deep well extraction. • The World Bank has attempted to promote private Sector participation in piped municipal water supply.

  27. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Ground water problem in the capital city (Dhaka) of Bangladesh: • About 12 million people representing about 30% of the total urban population live in this capital city of the country. • The demand for water in the capital, the fifth largest city in the world with a population of over 12 million, is now 2,000 million liters per day (mld) as against 1,345 mldin 1998. • Experts said withdrawal of groundwater by deep tube wells is a major reason for fall in the groundwater table. Source: (http://sos-arsenic.net/index.html)

  28. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Ground water problem in the capital city (Dhaka) of Bangladesh: • Total water demand in Dhaka city varies from 2100 to 2300 MLD with seasonal variation. • However, total production capacity of DWASA is 2247.47 Million Liter per Day (MLD) (both groundwater and surface water).

  29. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Table : Water Production System of DWASA

  30. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Table : Water production scenario of DWASA

  31. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont...

  32. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Figure : Groundwater Depletion Trend of Dhaka City Source: Murky Future calculation based on Dhaka City State of Environment 2005, 2011

  33. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Causes Groundwater Depletion • high groundwater withdrawal from the aquifer is the most crucial. • rapid urbanization including construction of roads, buildings, other engineering structures, flood protection dams, and embankments are continuously hindering the natural groundwater recharges from rainfall and perennial water sources existing in and around the city (Rahman and Alam, 2005). • Illegal encroachment and disappearances of network of 22 lakes, canals, and small rivers also depreciated groundwater recharge over the last four decades.

  34. Ground Water Problems in Bangladesh Cont... Consequences of Groundwater Depletion a) Lowering of the Water Table b) Increased Costs c) Reduction of Water Flow in Streams and Lakes d) Land subsidence e) Deterioration of water quality Figure : Impact of over pumping of groundwater Source: USGS, 2003

  35. Remediation of Ground water Depletion • Assessment of future groundwater development potential is a prerequisite for the proper and sustainable use of the resource. • Initiatives have already been taken by DWASA to recharge groundwater artificially as a pilot basis (DWASA, 2009). • Currently DWASA produce 242 crore litrewater per day, of which 78 percent comes from groundwater through 670 deep tube-wells and 22 percent comes from surface water through five water treatment plants. Still DWASA has plan to increase the water treatment plants

  36. Remediation of Ground Water Depletion Cont… Figure: Surface water collection plant

  37. Remediation of Ground Water Depletion Cont.. Figure . Rain Water Harvesting System

  38. Arsenic Problems in groundwater Figure: Arsenic contamination affects most of Bangladesh

  39. Arsenic Problems in Ground Water Cont… • Naturally-occurring arsenic contaminated water was first detected in Bangladesh in 1993. • Arsenic contamination is not caused by tube wells, or by irrigation or application of fertilizers. • The arsenic comes from arsenic-rich material in the region's river systems, deposited over thousands of years along with the sands and gravels which make up the land of Bangladesh. Source: Unicef 2008

  40. Arsenic Problems in Ground Water Cont… • Nationwide, approximately 20 per cent of shallow tube wells are contaminated. • There are more than 8,000 villages where 80 per cent of all tube wells are contaminated. • About 20 million people in Bangladesh are using tube wells with more than 50ppb of arsenic Source: Unicef 2008

  41. Arsenic Problems in Ground Water cont… key statistics about arsenic problems: Source: Unicef 2008

  42. Arsenic Problems in ground water cont… key statistics about arsenic problems: Source: Unicef 2008

  43. Arsenic Problems in Ground Water Cont… FIGURE .Arsenic concentration in groundwater wells at different depths(Source:BGS/DPHE,2001).

  44. Remediation of Arsenic Problems in Ground Water Arsenic Removal Technologies Used in Bangladesh- • Iron (and Manganese) Oxidation • Passive sedimentation • In-situ oxidation • Solar oxidation • Arsenic and iron removal plants (AIRP) • Bucket treatment unit • Steven Institute technology • Pitcher treatment • Activated Alumina • Ion Exchange • Membrane Technique

  45. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Other Arsenic Removal Technologies: • Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Filter Unit • DPHE-Danida Fill and Draw Unit • Read-F Aresenic Removal Unit • Sapla Filter • GranetHome-made Filter • AdarshaFilter • Safi Filter • Bijoypur Clay Filter • Several Cartridge Filter • Iron coated sand • Granular ferric hydroxide • Tourmaline mineral

  46. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Alternative Water Supply Options used to get arsenic free water in Bangladesh • Deep Tube Well • Shallow Shrouded Tube well (SST) and Very Shallow Shrouded Tube well (VSST) • Dug Well • Infiltration Gallery / Well • Surface Water • Protected Ponds • Conventional Surface water Treatment Plant • Pond Sand Filters • Combine Filters • Household Filters • Rain Water Harvesting

  47. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Figure . 18-DTP Arsenic and Iron Removal Plant

  48. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Figure . Stevens Institute Technology

  49. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Figure . Pitcher Treatment Unit

  50. Remediation of Arsenic in Ground Water Cont.. Figure . Ponds Sand Filter

More Related