1 / 31

SONET / SDH

SONET / SDH. Nirmala Shenoy Information Technology Department Rochester Institute Technology. SONET / SDH. Scope What is SONET/SDH – features Signal hierarchy Topologies SONET components Layers Frames Virtual tributaries. SONET / SDH. What is SONET / SDH?

brian
Download Presentation

SONET / SDH

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SONET / SDH Nirmala Shenoy Information Technology Department Rochester Institute Technology updated 1/2002

  2. SONET / SDH • Scope • What is SONET/SDH – features • Signal hierarchy • Topologies • SONET components • Layers • Frames • Virtual tributaries updated 1/2002

  3. SONET / SDH • What is SONET / SDH? • Synchronous Optical Network – ANSI (US) • Synchronous Digital Hierarchy –ITU-T Europe • Similar and compatible • A standard to be used for fibre optics • Recommendation for FOTS equipment • Fibre Optic Transmission Systems • Can carry incompatible DS-0, DS1 (Asyn) updated 1/2002

  4. SONET / SDH • What is SONET / SDH? • Single reference clock • synchronize transmissions • Predictability • Powerful frame – Transmission envelope • Multiplex channels • Multiplexed transport mechanism • Optical based Carrier System updated 1/2002

  5. SONET / SDH • What is SONET / SDH? • Self healing ring topology • Consolidate and segregate traffic from different end-points • Extensive integrated OAM&P • Backward compatibility updated 1/2002

  6. SONET / SDH • Signal Hierarchy • STS – Synchronous Transport Signals • support a certain base data rate- 51.84Mbps • STS 1 – STS 192 – different hierarchies • Corresponding carrier System • Optical Carrier – OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48 • SDH – STM – Synchronous Transport Module • STM 1 = STS 3 updated 1/2002

  7. SONET / SDH • Sonet/SDH rates STS 1 OC-1 51.840 STS-3 OC-3 155.520 STM-1 STS-9 OC-9 466.560 STM-3 STS-12 OC-12 622.080 STM-4 STS-18 OC-18 933.120 STM-6 STS-24 OC-24 1244.160 STM-8 STS-36 OC-36 1866.230 STM-12 STS-48 OC-48 2488.320 STM-16 STS-96 OC-96 4976.640 STM-32 STS-192 OC-192 9953.280 STM-64 updated 1/2002

  8. SONET / SDH • Configuration updated 1/2002

  9. SONET / SDH • SONET topology updated 1/2002

  10. SONET / SDH • Multiplexing updated 1/2002

  11. SONET / SDH • SONET Devices • STS Multiplexer • Multiplexes and de-multiplexes signals from multiple sources • Path terminating equipment • Maps user payload into standard frame • Header goes end-to-end as part of Synchronous Payload Envelope - SPE updated 1/2002

  12. SONET / SDH • SONET Devices • Add /Drop Multiplexer • Adds signals from different sources/removes • Uses header address information to identify stream and remove • Line terminating Equipment • Performs multiplexing, synchronization, APS updated 1/2002

  13. SONET / SDH • SONET Devices • Regenerator • Repeater – improves signal quality • Operations – include layer 2 • Frame alignment, scrambling, error monitoring • Section terminating equipment updated 1/2002

  14. SONET / SDH • Section • Connects two neighboring devices • Line • Connects two multiplexers (STS , Add/Drop) • Path • Connects two STS Mux/demux • Layers – likewise – path, line, section updated 1/2002

  15. SONET / SDH • SONET layers updated 1/2002

  16. SONET / SDH • Photonic layers – phy • Specs for optical fiber channel • NRZ encoding used • Power level • Wavelength • Pulse shape updated 1/2002

  17. SONET / SDH • Section layer • Frames – identifies beginning of frame • Scrambling – introducing 1’s to derive clock • error monitoring – section level • Adds 9 bytes to header – frame size 810 bytes • Provided at all devices updated 1/2002

  18. SONET / SDH • Line layer • Locates partial payload – virtual tributaries • Provides frequency justification, bit stuffing • To adjust to clocking from different systems • Does APS • Adds 18 bytes to header • Provided at the STS Mux and Add/Drop Mux updated 1/2002

  19. SONET / SDH • Path layer • Converts to optical signals and back to electromagnetic • Adds 9 bytes to header - is part of SPE • Defines the payload being carried • End-to-end path control • Support virtual tributaries • Provided at the STS Mux updated 1/2002

  20. SONET / SDH • SONET STS-1Frame updated 1/2002

  21. SONET / SDH • SONET Frame • Matrix of nine rows – 90 octets each • First 3 columns (octets) – three rows • section overhead – 9 bytes • Next 6 rows – line overheads – 18 bytes • Rest of the frame – Synchronous Payload Envelope – SPE – 9 bytes of path overheads updated 1/2002

  22. SONET / SDH • first column in SPE – path overhead updated 1/2002

  23. SONET / SDH • Section overhead • Alignment bytes (A1 & A2)– framing and synchronization – pattern F628hex • Identification byte (C1)–unique id for the STS-1 frame • Parity byte (B1) • Order-wire byte (E1)– bytes in consecutive frames – form a communication channel between regenerators updated 1/2002

  24. SONET / SDH • Section overhead • User’s byte (F1)– bytes in consecutive frames form a channel for user needs at the section level • Management bytes (D1, D2 and D3)- 3 bytes per frame in consecutive frames = 192 kbps for OAM updated 1/2002

  25. SONET / SDH • Line Overhead • Pointer bytes (H1, H2, H3)– 3 bytes – identify location of the payload • Line Parity byte (B2) • Automatic Protection Switching bytes 2 bytes (K1, K2) – consecutive frames- 128 kbps channel to detect problems in multiplexers updated 1/2002

  26. SONET / SDH • Line Overhead • Data communication channel bytes (D4-D12) – consecutive frames – 576 kbps OAM at the line • Growth bytes (Z1, Z2) – future use • Orderwire byte (E2) – line level updated 1/2002

  27. SONET / SDH • Path Overhead • Path trace byte (J1) – bytes in consecutive frames – path tracking – verify connection • Path parity byte (B3) • Path signal label byte (C2) – path id – gives the construction details of the SPE • Path Status byte (G1) –receiver communicates its status updated 1/2002

  28. SONET / SDH • Path Overhead • Path user channel byte (F2) user needs at path level • Virtual tributary indicator (H4) –multi-frame indicator – payload not fitting into a frame • Growth byte (Z3, Z4, Z5) – reserved updated 1/2002

  29. SONET / SDH • Virtual Tributaries • Partial payload share a frame • The SPE has a number of tributaries • VT1.5 = 8000 frames * 3 columns * 9 rows * 8 bits = 1.728 Mbps DS-1 service • VT2 = 8000 frames*4 columns*9 rows * 8 bits = 2.304 Mbps CEPT-1 updated 1/2002

  30. SONET / SDH • Virtual Tributaries • VT3 = 8000 frames * 6 columns * 9 rows * 8 bits = 3.456 Mbps DS-1C • VT6 = 8000 frames*12 columns*9 rows * 8 bits = 6.912 Mbps DS-2 updated 1/2002

  31. SONET / SDH • Summary • A carrier system – optical carriers • Synchronous transmission - faster • Time Division multiplexing • High speed backbone • Support for high bit rate applications? • Add/Drop multiplexers • Self healing rings updated 1/2002

More Related