Rome’s Beginnings

1. Rome’s Beginnings Main Idea:Geography played an important role in the rise of Roman civilization. • The Origins of Rome • Italy is an important location in the middle of the Mediterranean region. • It is shaped like a high-heeled boot. The heel points towards Greece and the toe toward the island of Sicily. • Across the top of the boot are the Alps, high mountains that separate Italy from other European lands. • Another mountain range is the Apennines that runs all the way down the boot from the north to the south. • Italy had better farmland than Greece and it’s mountains were easier to cross. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

2. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

3. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

4. The Origins of Rome • People from the north were attracted to the mild climate and rich soil. • One group of Latin-speaking people built the city of Rome on the plain of Latium in central Italy. • They became known as the Romans. • Where Was Rome Located? • The site for Rome was choose about 15 miles up the Tiber River from the Mediterranean Sea. • This gave the Romans a source of water and way to get to the rest of the Mediterranean world but they were far enough away from the sea to escape raids by pirates. • Rome was built on a series of seven hills making it easy to defend against enemy attack. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

5. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

6. The Origins of Rome • How Did Rome Begin? • There are 2 legends that explain how Rome began. • The traditional story is that twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city. • As babies they were abandoned near the Tiber River and rescued by a wolf. • They built a city in 753 B.C. but they fought. • Remus made fun of the wall Romulus built and Romulus killed him. • Romulus became the first king of Rome and named the city after himself. • The second story is told in the Aeneid, a famous epic poem by the Roman poet Virgil. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

7. She-Wolf Feeding the Twins Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

8. The Origins of Rome • The Aeneidis the story of the Trojan hero Aeneas. • After the Greeks captured Troy he and a band of followers sailed the Mediterranean Sea. • They had many adventures and eventually landed at the mouth of the Tiber. • Through warfare and marriage Aeneas united the Trojans and some of the Latins, the local people. • He became known as the “father” of the Romans. • Historians think that Latins lived in the area of Rome as early as 1000 B.C. • They built huts on hills, tended herds and grew crops. • Around 700 B.C. they banded together for protection and this community became known as Rome. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

9. The Origins of Rome • Early Influences • After 800 B.C. two other groups came to Italy the Greeks and the Etruscans. • The Greeks taught the Romans how to grow olives and grapes. • The Romans adopted the Greek alphabet and eventually modeled their architecture, sculpture and literature after the Greeks. • Rome’s early growth was influenced most by the Etruscans who lived north of Rome in Etruria. • After 650 B.C. they moved south and took control of Rome and most of Latium. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

10. The Land of the Etruscans Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

11. Etruscans Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

12. Etruscan Military 6c BCE Chariot Bronze Warrior Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

13. The Origins of Rome • The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers who became rich from mining and trade. • They forced enslaved people to do the heaviest work. • Their tomb paintings show men and women feasting, dancing, and playing music and sports. • The Etruscans changed Rome from a village of straw-roofed huts into a city of wood and brick buildings. • They laid out streets, temples and public buildings around a central square. • They exposed the Romans to new styles of dress, with short cloaks and togas. • The Etruscan army served as a model for the mighty Roman army. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

14. Dance, Dance, Spin ! Double Flutist Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

15. Etruscan Tomb Wall &Tomb Fresco Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

16. Interior of an Etruscan Tomb Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

17. Sarcophagus of an Etruscan Couple Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

18. The Birth of a Republic Main Idea:The Romans created a republic and conquered Italy. By treating people fairly, they built Rome from a small city into a great power. • The Birth of a Republic • The Etruscans ruled Rome for more than 100 years. • Rome became wealthy and powerful but the ruling family called the Tarquins grew more and more cruel. • Finally, in 509 B.C. the Romans rebelled. • They overthrew the Tarquins and set up a republic. • The republic is a form of government where the leader is put in power by the citizens with the right to vote. • In a republic the citizens have the power. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

19. Etruscan Gold Jewelry Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

20. Etruscan Jars & Vases Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

21. The Birth of a Republic • When Rome became a republic it was still a small city, surrounded by enemies. • Over the next 200 years, the Romans fought war after war against their neighbors the Greeks, the Etruscans and other Latins living nearby. • By 267 B.C. the Romans became masters of almost all of Italy. • Why Was Rome So Strong? • The Romans were excellent soldiers. • In the early days of the republic every male citizen who owned land had to serve in the army. • The harsh discipline molded them into soldiers who did not give up easily. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

22. The Birth of a Republic • The Romans were practical problem solvers too. • At first they fought like the Greek phalanxes – shoulder to shoulder in rows with their shields together and holding long spears. • The Roman generals saw this method as slow and hard to control so they reorganized their soldiers into smaller groups called legions. • Each legion had about 6,000 men and was further divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers making it easy to cut through enemy lines. • Roman soldiers, or legionaries, were armed with a short sword called a gladius and a spear called a pilum. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

23. The Birth of a Republic • Each unit also carried its own standard – a tall pole topped with a symbol to help keep the units together during battle. • Shrewd Rulers • The Romans were smart planners. • As they moved throughout Italy they built permanent military settlements in the areas they conquered. • Then they built roads between the towns which allowed the troops to travel quickly to any place in their territory. • To rule they set up the Roman Confederation. • Under this system, Romans granted full citizenship to some people. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

24. Rome’s Early Road System Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

25. The Apian Way Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

26. The Birth of a Republic • Each citizen could vote and participate in government. • They were treated the same as other citizens under the law. • To other people the Romans granted them the status of allies. • Allies were free to run their own local affairs, but they had to pay taxes to the republic and provide soldiers for the army. • The Romans were clever rulers who knew that conquered peoples were more loyal to the government if they were treated well. Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings

27. Activity: Show these similarities and differences between Greece and Rome in a Venn Diagram Social Studies SOL 3.1 The student will explain how the contributions of ancient Greece and Rome have influenced the present world in terms of architecture, government (direct and representative democracy), and sports. . Ch 9 Sec 1 - Rome's Beginnings