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Introduction to Kinematics: Describing Motion and its Quantities

Explore the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects and its relationship with other concepts. Understand displacement, velocity, acceleration, and motion diagrams. Learn how motion is described using fundamental quantities and how it can be studied using hierarchical concepts. Discover the historical development of motion study, from the Greeks to Galileo.

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Introduction to Kinematics: Describing Motion and its Quantities

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  1. Chapter Two 2.1 Displacement 2.2 Velocity 2.3 Acceleration 2.4 Motion Diagrams 2.5 One-Dimensional Motion with constant acceleration 2.6 Freely Falling Objects Motion in One Dimension

  2. Observation What is it? How do we describe it? How does it happen?

  3. The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and the relationship between that motion and other physics concepts: • Kinematics is a part of dynamics • In kinematics, you are interested in the description of motion • Not concerned with the cause of the motion Dynamics

  4. So ….. How do we describe motion? Remember the Fundamental Quantities for Everything: Length Mass Time (direction) Motion should be able to be described with these quantities. HOW?

  5. Quantities in Motion • Any motion involves hierarchical concepts • Displacement in time • Velocity (change of the above) • Acceleration (change of the above) • These concepts can be used to study objects in motion

  6. The study of motion in time The premeditated study of motion by the ancients was focused on the heavenly bodies. The GREEKS were the first to study the heavens in a systematic and detailed manner. They understood the motion of the heavenly bodies. They created a model that explained the observations: GEOCENTRIC model Copernicus corrected the understanding of motion: HELIOCENTRIC model GALILEO really got things going.

  7. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Galileo’s workshop at the Deutches Museum in Munich, Germany

  8. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Made astronomical observations with a telescope Experimental evidence for description of motion Quantitative study of motion

  9. Galileo Acceleration of gravity is independent of the mass of the falling object! Iron ball Wood ball

  10. Quantities in Motion • Displacement in time • Velocity (change of the above) • Acceleration (change of the above Defined as the change in position

  11. Position • Defined in terms of a frame of reference • A choice of coordinate axes • Defines a starting point for measuring the motion • Or any other quantity • One dimensional, so generally the x- or y-axis In this chapter we are examining 1 dimensional motion

  12. Displacement • the change in position = • f stands for final and i stands for initial • Units are meters (m) in SI NOTE: Displacement is DIFFERENT from length Displacement REQUIRES a coordinate system

  13. Displacement Examples • From A to B • xi = 30 m • xf = 52 m • x = 22 m • The displacement is positive, indicating the motion was in the positive x direction • From C to F • xi = 38 m • xf = -53 m • x = -91 m • The displacement is negative, indicating the motion was in the negative x direction

  14. Displacement, Graphical

  15. Quantities in Motion • Displacement in time • Speed & Velocity (change of the above) • Acceleration (change of the above change in displacement in time

  16. Scalar and Vector Quantities • Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only • Vector quantities need both magnitude (size) and direction to completely describe them • Generally denoted by boldfaced type and an arrow over the letter • + or – sign is sufficient for this chapter

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