1 / 23

Biological & Psychological Theories

Biological & Psychological Theories. Deviance as Pathology. Biological Pathology. 1876, Cesare Lombroso: The Criminal Man "atavistic anomalies" Phrenology (late 1700s through mid 1800s) Benjamin Rush (1785): disease model of alcoholism Body Types. Key Elements of Pathological Reasoning.

Download Presentation

Biological & Psychological Theories

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Biological & Psychological Theories Deviance as Pathology

  2. Biological Pathology • 1876, Cesare Lombroso: The Criminal Man • "atavistic anomalies" • Phrenology (late 1700s through mid 1800s) • Benjamin Rush (1785): disease model of alcoholism • Body Types

  3. Key Elements of Pathological Reasoning • Determinism • Positivism • Organismic Dysfunction/Infection

  4. Body Types • Earnest Hooten

  5. Body Types • William Sheldon

  6. Body Types (Sheldon, cont’d) • Endomorph

  7. Body Types (Sheldon, cont’d) • Ectomorph

  8. Body Types (Sheldon, cont’d) • Mesomorph

  9. Eugenics • Richard Dugdale • The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity(1877) • Margaret Jukes, “The Mother of Criminals”

  10. Eugenics • Henry Goddard • The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness (1912)

  11. Eugenics & “Feeblemindedness” • Kallikak family treehttp://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Goddard/chart2.gif

  12. Xyy Syndrome • Xx  female • Xy  male • Xxy  Klinefelter’s syndrome • “Low masculinity” • 1961, Patricia Jacobs • Xyy  “Supermale syndrome” • NIMH study: no

  13. Psychological Pathology • Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis • id, ego, superego • developmental stages • Oral • Anal • Phallic

  14. Psychological Pathology • The Psychopath (Sociopath) • Hervey Cleckley, The Mask of Sanity • Problems with psychological explanations • Causal logic • Circularity • Sample • Over-determinism • Little predictive value

  15. Applications: Controlling Deviance • Sterilization • Harry Laughlin (Eugenics Records Office) • Model Eugenical Sterilization Law 1914 • By 1914, 12 states • By 1924, 3,000 sterilized "...At one hearing, Laughlin plastered the walls of the meeting room with photographs taken at Ellis Island. Above the photos hung a banner that read 'Carriers of the Germ Plasm of the Future American Population.'"

  16. Applications • 1924, Virginia: Eugenical Sterilization Act • Carrie Buck (17, single mom) • James Bell (Sup’t, VA State Colony for Epileptics & Feebleminded (to have Buck sterilized) • Arthur Estabrook • Sociologist, Eugenics Record Office • Upheld by Circuit Court • Upheld by Supreme Court • O. W. Holmes • “3 generations of imbeciles are enough”

  17. Applications • By 1935: 28 states, 6 pending • Between 1907-1935: 21,359 involuntary sterilizations in the U.S. • 1936: Laughlin’s honorary degree • University of Heidelberg • For his work in “the science of racial cleansing”

  18. Applications • 1942: Skinner v. Oklahoma • Chicken thief; armed robbery • To U.S. Supreme Court • William O. Douglas: violates “equal protection” • 14th amendment • OK law: Can sterilize a chicken thief but not an embezzler • Sterilization cont’d through 1970s • 60,000 • Buck v. Bell never overturned

  19. Applications • Psychosurgery • Gottlieb Burckhardt (Switzerland, 1892) • Antonio Moniz (Portugal, 1935)

  20. Applications • Walter Freeman & James Watt (U.S., 1950) • “Ice-Pick” Lobotomy • 1967 last surgery • Stripped of license

  21. Applications • Freeman performing a lobotomy • Howard Dully’s surgery

  22. Applications • Howard Dully, 2005 • Bus driver in California

  23. Evaluation • Biological & Psychological Pathology • Good Intentions • Ignores choice • Ignores social factors • Dubious claims to moral neutrality

More Related