Pavement Lifting & Soil Stabilization Control

1. Pavement Lifting & Soil Stabilization Control STABILIZATION AND LIFTING of PAVEMENT STRUCTURES with EXPANSIVE STRUCTURAL POLYMER Norberto Laureano Regional Representative New Mexico, West Texas And the City Of Houston URETEK USA

2. AGENDA PROBLEMS URETEK CAN SOLVE MATERIALS URETEK EMPLOYS PROCESS URETEK UTILIZES APPROACH TO OUR CLIENT’S NEEDS QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT PROCESS URETEK DOD PROJECTS / PHOTOS SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ON YOUR BASE QUESTIONS / PATH FORWARD

3. PROBLEMS • Settled Pavement • Runways, Taxiways, Aprons • Roadways • Bridge Approaches • Asphalt or Concrete or Composite • Dips or Faulted Joints • Leaking Underground Drainage System • Settlement in Buildings

7. Only one lane of traffic is shut down; profile & ride quality has been restored.

10. PROBLEMS • Pavement or Structure Settlement Due to: • Voids • Poor Soil Conditions in Sub-base • Undersized Pavement Structure for Current Mission • Leaking Underground Drainage System Causing Loss of Soil Support

11. MATERIALS • Composition • Resin & Hardener • 1:1 mixing ratio by volume • Exothermic chemical reaction generates CO2 gas • CO2 gas causes expansion of material and creates up to 8000 psf lifting pressure • Fast reaction – complete in < 1 minute

12. MATERIALS • Characteristics • Lightweight – 3 to 10 pcf (samples) • Rigid Structural Polymer as material cools • High Compressive & Tensile Strength • Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength directly proportional to Density

13. MATERIALS • Characteristics • Spread is limited due to speed of reaction • Hydro-insensitive in that it contains water insoluble diluents - can be injected into wet soils and even standing or flowing water • Unlike cementitious grout • no shrinkage during curing • environmentally inert

14. URETEK DEEP INJECTION PROCESS • Drill 5/8” holes in pavement • Hole pattern is 3’ to 4’ on center • Insert injection tubes to proper depth • Holes can be drilled up to 2” to accommodate multiple tubes for multiple injection depths • Typical injection depths limited to -10’ • Can inject as deep as 40’ if needed

15. URETEK DEEP INJECTION PROCESS • Injection of expansive material through tubes • Uniform sequential pattern of injection • Top down pattern • Strength to weakness • Inject until a bump is measured at surface indicating sufficient soil improvement • After stabilization, injection continues if lift of pavement structure is desired

16. URETEK DEEP INJECTION PROCESS • Can inject full range of soils: • Injection into sand creates sandstone • Stiff clays – inject above and/or below layer • Highly organics – material consumption will be high – currently studying techniques to minimize consumption by creating honeycomb “confinement cells” structural support

17. URETEK DEEP INJECTION PROCESS • Fixes the problem by stabilizing the soils and increasing the load bearing capacity of the sub-base in order to better support the load • Fixes the symptom of the problem by lifting the pavement to grade • Completed with minimal down-time

19. URETEK DEEP INJECTION PROCESS • Compaction Displacement Grouting Process • Densification of soils is achieved by the controlled expansive force of the URETEK polymers • Adequate densification confirmed by movement of bearing load and field testing (e.g., DCP and FWD)

20. APPROACH DIAGNOSE Site Visit (e.g., Traffic Issues, Project Execution Issues) Soil Performance Data (e.g., Penetration Data) Soil Composition Data (e.g., Borings, Lab Results) Water Issues PRESCRIBE Assess Applicability Select Polymer (Type, Reaction Curve, etc.) Develop Injection Plan (Spacing, Depths, Shot Types, etc.) Estimate Polymer Quantities

21. APPROACH TREAT Execute the project, as designed Have Technical Support available to make field adjustments, as required FOLLOW-UP The regional representative will ALWAYS be available to address questions, comments, or issues URETEK USA provides a 2-year “bumper to bumper” warranty on its work

22. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT PERSONNEL Attract and retain quality personnel Average Experience for a URETEK supervisor – 10 years Average Experience for a URETEK technician – 5 years Quality Assurance Policies Guaranteed Number of Hours (Reduce the fear of layoffs) Zero Tolerance Drug Policy / Random Drug Testing Continual Safety Training Must successfully complete a Probation Period Good Pay and Benefits Package

23. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT PERSONNEL In 2008, URETEK created Engineering Department Hired Randall W. Brown, PhD, PE as Vice President for Engineering

24. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT Randall W. Brown, PhD, PE – Biographical Information CURRENT ASSIGNMENTS Vice President for Engineering, URETEK USA – August 2008 to Present President, EPIC – September 2004 to Present EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy (Civil Engineering - Geotechnical Specialty) – University of Florida, August 1985 Master of Engineering (Civil Engineering – Construction Specialty) – University of Florida, December 1982 Bachelor of Civil Engineering – Auburn University, June 1978 REGISTRATION Professional Engineer, State of Texas

25. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT Randall W. Brown, PhD, PE – Biographical Information EXPERIENCE Principal Engineer, Applied Research Associates (ARA) Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Pavements Program Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) Pavements Program United States Air Force Civil Engineering Officer AF Technical Coordinator for Civil Engineering (@ USACE Waterways Experiment Station) Associate Professor/ Deputy for Geotechnical Engineering (USAFA Department of Civil Engineering) Chief, Civil Engineering Operations and Maintenance (Andersen AFB Guam) Chief, Pavement Evaluation Team (HQ AFESC – Tyndall AFB FL) Masters/Doctoral Student (University of Florida) Geotechnical Engineer (AF Weapons Laboratory)

26. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT IT MATTERS LITTLE HOW GOOD YOUR PLAN, TECHNIQUE, OR MATERIAL IS UNLESS YOU HAVE QUALITY PEOPLE TO EXECUTE THE SOLUTION

27. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL Polyurethane foam (URETEK 486*) now used was developed and patented (2002) exclusively for URETEK USA URETEK 486* is hydro-insensitive meaning it exhibits higher dimensional stability in the presence of water. This is important because water can compromise the chemical reaction that creates polyurethane. URETEK orders specialty foams when required for a project, e.g. a limited lift foam was used in the Navy crater repair project

28. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT ENGINEERING SUPPORT Review Site Assessment Data Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) testing is now standard practice when evaluating sites Regional representatives are expected to work with their clients to collect technical data for use in developing a quality project plan Key to recommending the correct treatment for the problem

29. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT ENGINEERING SUPPORT Discuss Solution Options with Clients Develop Training and Education Courses for Regional Representatives Regional representatives can better serve their clients through increased knowledge of URETEK materials and processes

30. QUALITY / IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Program Develop and Refine Techniques Research New Applications Investigate Material Properties and Behavior

31. DOD PROJECTS LIST ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE AIRFIELD REPAIR ADR RESEARCH PROJECT FOR NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND NAS CORPUS CHRISTI AIRFIELD STABILIZATION

32. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS • Stabilization and lift of asphalt or concrete runway, taxiway, apron, or roadway • Stabilization of base/sub-base prior to panel replacement • Seal leaking joints in drainage pipes • Lift bridge approach/departure slabs • Lift structures – hangars, base housing

33. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Do you have any problems similar to those discussed in this briefing?

34. QUESTIONS? PATH FORWARD……

35. Norberto LaureanoUretek Representative nlaureano@uretekusa.com (832)435-0313