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Phonology

Phonology. The study of how different languages organize sounds to use in building words and phrases and sentences. What is a distinctive sound?. The concept of contrast distinguishes the words from one another bait /bet/ bail /bel/ Contrastive/distinctive/meaningful sounds: /t/ /l/.

brennan-saunders
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Phonology

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  1. Phonology The study of how different languages organize sounds to use in building words and phrases and sentences

  2. What is a distinctive sound? The concept of contrast distinguishes the words from one another bait /bet/ bail /bel/ Contrastive/distinctive/meaningful sounds: /t/ /l/

  3. What are minimal pairs? • help find sounds that contrast in any language • contrastive sounds are called phonemes • goat /got/ vs. coat /kot/ = /g/ /k/ • cap/cab • bag/back • bag/badge

  4. Minimal pairs? beat bit bait bet bat bite boot but boat bought

  5. What are allophones? Transcribe the following words: Tick stick bitter hits

  6. What is a phone? A particular pronunciation of a phoneme A collection of phones of the same phoneme are called allophones

  7. pill till kill • spill still skill • par tar car • spar star scar

  8. Thai—aspirated and unaspirated sounds [paa] ‘forest [paa] ‘to split’ [tam] ‘to pound’ [tam] ‘to do’ [kat] ‘to bite’ [kat] ‘to interrupt’ Is aspiration meaningful?

  9. Complementary distribution: sounds that do not occur in identical environments Contrastive distribution: sounds that occur in identical environments

  10. What about Korean [r] vs. [l]? • [param] ‘wind’ • [irim] ‘name’ • [pal] ‘foot’ • [mal] ‘horse’ • [ilkop] ‘seven’ • [ipalsa] ‘barber’

  11. What about [r] and [l] in English?

  12. Cannot predict when [l] and [r] will occur in English. • Contrastive sounds • Belong to different phonemes

  13. They are related to each other by a phonological rule, which determines when the actual sound produced is [r] and when it is [l]

  14. French: words are distinguished by nasalization of the vowel: • [lo] ‘prize’ [lo] ‘long’ • [l ] ‘ugly [l ] ‘flax’ • [la] ‘there’ [la] ‘slow’ • The sounds [o] and [o] correspond to two different phonemes /o/ and /o/

  15. English: the nasalization is predictable by a phonological rule. • Roam rope • Lame lace • Lamb lap • The sounds [o] and [o] correspond to a single phoneme /o/ which is realized as [o] or [o] depending on the context.

  16. Phonemes in English and French • English French • /o/ /o/ /o/ • [o] [o] [o] [o]

  17. What are natural classes? • Rules refer to natural classes of sounds • A natural class is a set of sounds that share some property (properties) and only members of that set have this (these) property/properties. • [m, n, ]—nasal consonants • All members have the properties of being nasal and consonants.

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