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Legislating Slavery. From Constitution to 1854. US Constitution-1789. 3/5 th Compromise-Slaves count as 3/5 th of a person for representation in Congress Slave Trade is legalized for 20 years (Congress cannot regulate it, but they can tax it); must be renewed in 20 years.
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Legislating Slavery From Constitution to 1854 Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
US Constitution-1789 • 3/5th Compromise-Slaves count as 3/5th of a person for representation in Congress • Slave Trade is legalized for 20 years (Congress cannot regulate it, but they can tax it); must be renewed in 20 years Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
1808- Slave Trade Banned • Jan 1, 1808 law takes effect banning the slave trade in the US- urged by Jefferson • Every state except S. Carolina had already banned it • Slavery still exists Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Missouri Statehood • 1819- Missouri applied for statehood • Formed out of parts of the Louisiana Purchase • Tallmadge Amendment- no more slaves allowed to enter Missouri Territory, and any child born into slavery would be free at 25 yrs. old in Missouri • Passed House, Senate rejects • Why do you think House accepts this bill, and Senate rejects it? (Think which side this bill favors) • Sectional balance!!!!! • House members of the North far outnumber the Southern representatives • BUT, SENATE IS EQUAL, THEREFORE A BALANCE, WHY? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Missouri Compromise-(1820) • Created by Henry Clay • 3 parts: • Missouri enters as slave state • Maine, (which was part of Massachusetts) enters as free state • Future slavery boundary line set at 36’30 for the rest of La. Purchase • Who got the better deal?? North or South? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Nullification Crisis • Started over Tariff of Abominations • South Carolina threatens to secede, belief in nullification of federal laws • Jackson threatens the army • Force Bill Compromise • Federal law supreme, army can enforce laws • Tariff ↓ • Gag rule in Congress on slavery topic Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Mexican War/ Texas Annexation • US acquires a lot of new land in the South • Slavery expands?? • Wilmot Proviso • Attempt to ban slavery in all lands acquired in Mexican Cession • Twice passed by House, Senate rejects it! Shocker!! • Reality of the SW land?? • Most land (New Mexico Territory) wasn’t that useful for slavery, so region isn’t too important for either side Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Latin American Expansion? • Polk offered $100 million for Cuba • Ostend Manifesto-Buchanan floats potential plan • Offer to buy Cuba from Spain for $120 million,,, if they say no, its war!! • William Walker- filibuster (pirate) • Goal was to create a slavocracy in Latin America • Invaded Baja Cal. (Republic of Sonora) • Trial for starting illegal war, not guilty in 8 minutes • Pres. Of Nicaragua-recognized by Pres. Pierce!! • But pissed off Cornelius Vanderbilt over shipping • Honduras, captured by British, firing squad in Honduras • Legend in the South! Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
California Problem • California also part of Mexican War land • Why was California a major problem regarding slavery? • Economic importance of gold/ agriculture • Huge population for a territory= huge political power when it becomes a state • State is geographically large and is located in North and South • Slave expansion to the Pacific islands!! • President Zachary Taylor plan to quickly have California become a state and skip the territorial stage, entering as a free state • 2 problems with the plan • Taylor becomes 2nd President to die in office!! His replacement Fillmore is weak president • South enraged and feels North is secretly plotting to end slavery for good!! Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Last Stand of the 3 Giants • Webster (North), Calhoun (South), and Clay (go between) make dramatic speeches to keep Union together • All 3 die soon after but get Congress to compromise on California Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Compromise of 1850 (California Compromise) • North gets: • California a free state • Slave trade, not slavery, is banned in D.C. • Texas gives up land in N. Mexico region for $10 million • South gets: • New Mexico split into 2 New Mexico and Utah territories, and popular sovereignty will decide if slavery will exist in this territory • Tougher Fugitive Slave Act • Who wins? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Fugitive Slave Act • Federal agents in the North must try and capture runaway slaves • $1,000 fine if they don’t • Bonus paid for each slave captured • owners just have to say that’s my slave • Slave can’t testify in Court • Judge paid double if they side w/ owner Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Exit Slip Hochman • The gov’t made various compromises on slavery • Because • But • So Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
What is the point of the painting? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Early Abolitionism • 1688- Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery- Society of Friends • 1775- Thomas Paine- 1st to bring about emancipation idea • 1822- American Colonization Society (ACS)- • Bought land in Africa to return slaves • Colony named Liberia/ capital named Monrovia • 13,000 went to Africa Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
William Lloyd Garrison • 1830- “immediate emancipation, gradually achieved!” • Newspaper- The Liberator Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Goal of The Liberator • The Liberator. In the first issue, Garrison stated: • I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; – but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Frederick Douglass • Former slave • speeches • The North Star • “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
“I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed; the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!” “Fugitive slaves were rare then, and as a fugitive slave lecturer, I had the advantage of being the first one out.” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Sojourner Truth • “Ain’t I a Woman” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
Underground Railroad • Informal network of secret routes to help runaway slaves • Escaped to free states or Canada • “stations”/ “conductors” “safe houses” • Harriet Tubman(300) • Codes/messages/songs/ North Star Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
What do you notice about the routes of the Underground Railroad? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
How does this painting show emotion?What is probably very inaccurate about the Underground Railroad in the painting? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?
