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The Rights of an Englishman

The Rights of an Englishman. Magna Carta. 1215 document signed by King John L imited powers of king Rule of law for “freemen”. We’re the Best. Balance of power: Parliament and Monarchy (a little) representative government Catholic despotism, “popery”. John Locke (1632-1704)

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The Rights of an Englishman

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  1. The Rights of an Englishman

  2. Magna Carta • 1215 document signed by King John • Limited powers of king • Rule of law for “freemen”

  3. We’re the Best • Balance of power: Parliament and Monarchy • (a little) representative government • Catholic despotism, “popery”

  4. John Locke (1632-1704) • “Life, liberty, and property”

  5. The Seeds of Discontent • Colonists pretty okay until 1760s • Consumerism

  6. The Seeds of Discontent • Colonists pretty okay until 1760s • Consumerism • French Indian War shows problem of western expansion/conflict • English colonists not alone

  7. 7 Years War • aka French and Indian War (1756-63) • British try to push French out of western PA

  8. 1753: Washington asks French to leave • 1754: routed at Fort Necessity • General Braddock attacks Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh)

  9. Spread of War • French captured forts in NY • Indians kill PA colonists • British kick Acadians out of Nova Scotia • Conflict erupts in Europe (1756)

  10. "It would require a greater philosopher and historian than I am to explain the causes of the famous Seven Years' War in which Europe was engaged; and, indeed, its origin has always appeared to me to be so complicated, and the books written about it so amazingly hard to understand, that I have seldom been much wiser at the end of a chapter than at the beginning, and so shall not trouble my reader with any personal disquisitions concerning the matter.” - William Makepeace Thackeray, The Luck of Barry Lyndon (1844)

  11. End of War • British take Fort Duquesne, Ticonderoga, etc. • Occupy mouth of St. Lawrence River • Montreal surrenders, 1760

  12. First world war? • Involved European empires, Native American tribes, India, etc

  13. Peace (Sort of) • Peace of Paris (1763) • Britain gets Canada, Florida • France gets islands back (Martinique and Guadeloupe) • Spain gets Louisiana • France basically screwed

  14. Winning Ain’t Easy • Pontiac’s Rebellion • French gave away a lot of Indian lands to Britain • Britain bigger threat to Indians now • Neolin, Delaware religious prophet • Indians fight back, capture Detroit

  15. Proclamation of 1763 • Angers settlers and speculators • Exacerbates long-running tension between frontier and coast • Britain needed peace

  16. Shit Gets Real • Britain to colonies: Pay up • Mercantilism • Colonies should supply Britw/ raw materials • Discouraged colonial industry • Prevented colonists from trading w/ French, Spanish

  17. I Fought the Law (and the Law Won?) • Hence, Navigation Acts • Tobacco had to be transported through British ships and sold through mother country • Sugar Act (1764) • tried smugglers in admiralty courts

  18. Stamp It Out • Stamp Act of 1765 • Gov’t stamp on all printed materials • Affected everybody • Funded British Army

  19. “The Rights of the Freeborn Englishman” • Boycott of British goods • Committee of Correspondence in Boston • Sons of Liberty march in NYC (1765) • Parliament repeals Stamp Act in 1766

  20. Freedom? • Regulators in SC fight for representation • Small farmers rise up in NC • Tenant farmers fight landowners in NY’s Hudson River Valley • Dangerous implications of dissent

  21. Another Fine Mess • 1767: new taxes • More boycotts • “Homespun virtue” • Boston riot in 1768 • Snowball fight in 1770…

  22. The Boston “Massacre” • Soldiers and laborers fight in Boston • 5 Bostonians killed • Mixed race sailor Crispus Attucks • John Adams defends soldiers

  23. Tea and Intolerability • British lift taxes again • Scheme to held East India Company • Dumping cheap tea in American market • Hurts merchants and smugglers • Boston Tea Party

  24. Tea and Intolerability • British close Boston port • End many elected offices in MA • Gives rights to Catholics in Quebec • Collectively, the Intolerable Acts

  25. Continental Congress • Meets in Philly in Sept. 1774 • John Adams • Samuel Adams • George Washington • Patrick Henry (“Give me liberty or give me death!”)

  26. Important Points • Greater sense of shared identity

  27. Important Points • Resistance encompasses English, Germans, Scotch-Irish; lawyers, merchants, mechanics, laborers • Appeal to natural rights, not just English identity

  28. “claiming their rights, as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate” - Jefferson

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