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Gender: South American Small Scale Mining and other mineral-based activities

Sharing Experience: Enhancing the Benefits to Communities from Extractive Industry Projects Washington - June 19th, 2006. Gender: South American Small Scale Mining and other mineral-based activities. Maria Helena M. Rocha Lima Zuleica C. Castilhos Nuria Fernández Castro

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Gender: South American Small Scale Mining and other mineral-based activities

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  1. Sharing Experience: Enhancing the Benefits to Communities from Extractive Industry Projects Washington - June 19th, 2006 Gender:South American Small Scale Mining and other mineral-based activities Maria Helena M. Rocha Lima Zuleica C. Castilhos Nuria Fernández Castro CENTRE FOR MINERAL TECHNOLOGY (BRAZIL)

  2. CETEM/MCTCentre for Mineral TechnologyMinistry of Science and Technology, Brazil Promote the Brazilian technological development creating solutions compatible to the sustainable use of non-renewable resources and to the environment preservation, thus contributing to the social welfare and to the economical progress of the country.

  3. Picture from De Re Metallica made by Georgius Agricola in 1556. Gender in mining? There are no women in mining, just men! There are women in mining and always have been, but they are invisible to society.

  4. Gender in mining? There are no women in mining, just men! Even in mining areas, where women have worked, people don’t remember. Why? Coal mining women from Santa Catarina, Brazil (1937 – 1964)

  5. Some Statistics from the Extractive Industries (EI) labor force in Brazil Female Participation (%) Male Female Total EI labor force 218.003 7,18 16.866 234.869 Total labor force 40.860.097 37,74 24.769.796 65.629.892 EI / total (%) 0,53 0,07 0,36 Source: Demographic Census 2000, IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)

  6. Extractive Industries Labour Force distribution by activity and gender, 2000 – Brazil (%) Male Female Total Female Participation Coal Extraction 2,24 1,04 2,15 3,47 Petroleum, Natural Gas and Related Activities 9,89 16,35 10,36 11,33 Radioactive Minerals Extraction 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,00 Precious Metals Extraction 6,19 3,86 6,02 4,61 Metallic Minerals Extraction – except Precious and Radioactive Minerals 4,16 4,92 4,21 8,39 Stones and other Building Materials 32,25 24,98 31,73 5,65 Gems (Precious Stones) Extraction 6,02 5,62 5,99 6,73 Other No Metallic Minerals Extraction 4,34 4,88 4,38 8,00 Unspecified Minerals Extraction 34,85 38,35 35,10 7,85 Total Extractive Industries 100,00 100,00 100,00 7,18 Source: Demographic Census 2000, IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)

  7. Roles of women in mining? • Mining workers, administration • Care, commerce • Cookers, prostitutes other “services” • Mothers, sisters, daughters, wives and widows of male miners • Workers of others mineral based activities (supplies, handicraft...)

  8. Where are the women in mining ? • In big and medium-sized mining operations, women represent 2-25% of the labour force. In Latin America, this figures are around 10%. • Within the Artisanal and Small Scale Mining, there are empirical indications that female participation is inversely proportional to operations size. ILO statistics indicate that female labour force in Small Scale Mining is about 30% (average).

  9. PROSUL: First South American Project on Gender and Child Labour in Artisanal and Small Scale Mining • Argentine, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru • Workshops: March and December, 2005 • Field Studies: • Artisanal Mining (gems) in Misiones (Argentine) by Andrea Mastrangelo • Gold Artisanal Mining in Bolivia by Ana Maria Aranibar • Child Labour in Artisanal Mining in Peru by Cesar Mosquera • Family business in the Soapstone Handicraft in Brazil by CETEM/UFOP group

  10. Peru – Child Labour in Artisanal Mining Brazil – Family Business in the Soapstone Handicraft Bolivia – Gold Artisanal Mining Argentina – Artisanal Mining (Gems)

  11. Precious Miseries: Child Labour and Gender (Misiones, Argentina) Andrea Mastrangelo Universidad Nacional de Misiones – CONICET - Argentine

  12. (Misiones, Argentina) Precious stones informal extraction and commerce

  13. Women in artisanal gold production (Bolivia) Ana Maria Aranibar, Cumbre del Sajama

  14. Bolivian mining women self-diagnostic their working and living conditions

  15. Child Labour in Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (Peru) Cesar Mosquera ILO - Peru

  16. Family business in the Soapstone Handicraft (Brazil) Zuleica Castilhos, Maria Helena Lima, Nuria Castro, Olívia Bezerra and Alessandra Portugal CETEM, Brazil

  17. Gendered tasks in soapstone handicraft, Minas Gerais (Brazil)

  18. Minas Gerais - Brazil Unhealthy environment

  19. Common characteristics Women-headed families (in male organized societies) Poverty and lack of opportunities Informal Artisanal Mining Unhealthy and risky working environment

  20. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! OBRIGADA!! Maria Helena Rocha Lima CETEM/MCT – Brazil mrocha:@cetem.gov.br

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