Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s land/terrestrial plants.

1. Plant Evolution • Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s land/terrestrial plants. • Early land plants faced many challenges. A. How to conserve water? B. How to reproduce on land? C. How to absorb minerals from rockysurfaces?

2. Plant Classification Review Plant Kingdom nonvascular vascular seed seedless angiosperms gymnosperms monocots dicots

3. Plant Classification Review • Nonvascular: mosses, hornworts, liverworts ____________________________________ • Vascular, Seedless: whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, ferns • Vascular, Seed: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

4. Gymnosperms- “naked seeds” Conifers Ginkgo Tree Cycad

5. Kinds of Gymnosperms • Conifers • Cycads • Ginkgo • Gnetophytes Ex: Ephedra

7. Create an Angiosperm Foldable Divide your paper in half. Label each section as and MONOCOTS DICOTS

8. MonocotDicot Seeds Seeds

9. LEAVES Parallel leaf venation Net-like leaf venation Monocot Dicot

10. Monocot Dicot ROOT SYSTEMS Fibrous Root System Taproot System

11. FLOWER PARTS Multiples of 3Multiples of 4 or 5 Monocot Dicot

12. Monocot Dicot Pollen Grains Monosulcate Mostly tricolpate

13. Monocot Dicot Stem Structure (vascular bundles) Primary vascular bundles scattered Primary vascular bundles in a ring

14. Dicot: Vascular Bundles

15. Recap There are two types of Vascular Plants that produce Seeds: Angiosperms & Gymnosperms Angiosperm seeds develop within a flower. Angiosperms can be divided into two groups called Monocots and Dicots Gymnosperm seeds develop without a sealed container; called “naked seeds.”

16. Check on your seeds!! What stage are they in?

17. From a Seed to a Seedling • The development of a seed into a seedling is called GERMINATION. • What enables a seed to germinate? * Seed coat damage * Exposure to temperature changes * Penetration of H2O & O2 through the seed coat

18. Importance of Cotyledons • “Cots”- provide food for the embryo. • Once the food is used up, the cotyledons shrivel up and fall off.

19. Can you label a Monocot Seed? A. Seed coat B. Endosperm C. Cotyledon D. Embryo

20. Can you label a Dicot Seed? A. Seed coat B. Endosperm C. Cotyledon D. Embryo

21. Fruit and Seed Dispersal • Three common ways fruit and seeds are dispersed: • Wind • Animals (bees, butterflies, birds, bats) • Water

22. Fruit Classification • A fruit is a mature ovary. • Fruits can be classified using these two characteristics: • How many flowers or pistils form the fruit? • Is the fruit dry or fleshy?

23. Use the Chart on Page 619 • What type of fruit is a Watermelon? • What type of fruit is a Pineapple? • What type of fruit is a Green Pea? • What type of fruit is an Apple? • What type of fruit is Corn or Wheat?

24. Flowers and Seeds of Monocots & Dicots Flowers of Monocots & Dicots Objectives: Today in lab, students will be able to: Identify the parts of a flower. 2. Identify monocots and dicots based on type of flower and/or type of seed. 3. Properly label a flower diagram and seed diagram.

25. 1 2

26. 1 2 1 & 2

27. Examples of Angiosperms

28. Monocots vs. Dicots

29. FLOWER DISSECTION

30. Lily A B D C

31. Lily

32. B C A

33. Style Stigma Ovary

34. A C B

35. Anther Stamen Filament

36. Stamens and Pistil

37. A B F E C D

38. P S S P P S P = Petal; S= Sepal

39. A B

40. Sepals Bud

41. bract stamens pistil petals sepals

42. FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER STRUCTURES

43. Functions of flower structures

44. Sepal

45. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud

46. Petals

47. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud • Petals- attract insects and animalsto aid in pollination

48. Stamen A C B What’s that?

49. Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud • Petals- attract insects and animalsto aid in pollination • Stamens- male part of the flower which includes the anther and filament; it produces pollen.

50. Anther