Vit D

2. Vit D • fat soluble vitamin • vit D 2, vit D 3 • Absorption of vit D 3in small intestine with aid of bile secretion • Synthesis of vit D by help of skin [sun light ] ,liver ,kidney • Vit D carries on globulin protein molecule to the liver & to kidney • Chemical name of vit D is calcitriol • Parathyroid hormone regulate calcium & phosphorus , also calcitonin secreted from thyroid gland enter in the process of bone mineralization

4. Rickets • is sever deficiency of vit D in children ,while osteo-malachia is deficiency of vit D in adult • Osteo-malachia occur mostly in women child-Bering age who get little exposure to sunlight or having poor diet ,or who have frequent pregnancies • Rickets most frequent in infant 6-18 months . • Vit D used treatment of osteoporosis . • Vit D stored in adipose tissue • ** vit D toxicity lead to bone pain ,hyper-calcemia & failure to thrive . • source of vit D from fruits ,liver oils ,milk

6. Vitamin E • ant sterility vitamin , aid in increase sexual powers • significant in human nutrition • pale yellow oil • insoluble in water • absorbed in bile with lipid • absorbed from small intestine • stored in liver & fat tissue

7. ** functions of vit E : • help in formation of cell membrane • protect the cell membrane from damage , deficiency of vit E lead to damage of cell membrane in RBC so it broken ,loss of its content then hemolytic anemia will be developed

8. *vit E deficiency in adult lead to • { neurological syndrome of vit E deficiency • spinal cord which affect walking & activity . • retina of the eye that damage vision • ** vit E is important diet for pregnant & lactating mother • ** vit E is the only one of fat soluble vits has no toxic effect on human • ** vit E used in case of chronic pancreatic insufficiency & mal absorption • ** food that contain vit E : vegetables ,oils ,nuts ,fruits ,cereals , meat

9. Vitamin K • responsible for blood clotting • synthesize by intestinal bacteria [ flora] • vit K1 found in plant • vit K2 found in intestinal bacteria • vit K 3 water soluble doesn't require bile for absorption . • vit K absorbed from intestine to lymphatic system .then to portal circulation to liver • vit K stored in liver in small amount

10. major function of vit K synthesis of blood clotting factors in the liver • neonatology : the sterile intestinal tract of the newborn not well developed of bacterial flora ,so hemorrhagic disease of the newborn occur ,so prophylactic vit K immediately after birth should be given . • Anti -metaboiltes inhibit the action of vit K

11. vit K used as antidote of anticoagulant therapy • in case of mal absorption there is prolonged blood clotting • source of vit K comes from most vegetables especially green & in the liver .

13. Water soluble vitamins • ** vitamin C : • found in lemon juice to prevent scurvy . • chemical name of vit c is ascorbic acid . • like glucose structure . • easily destroyed by alkaline , high temperature & o2 • don’t cut vegetables into small pieces until time of use ,keep juice tightly closed . • easily absorbed from small intestine . • cows milk contains very little vit C .

14. **functions : • Has role in cell metabolism . • Build & maintain body tissue { bone matrix ,cartilage ,connective tissue } • ** high concentration of vit C found in : • Adrenal gland ,brain liver ,kidney ,pancreas ,thymus & spleen • Vit C has role in formation of RBCs • Vit C is necessary for syntheses of hormone as nor adrenaline • vit C play role in wound healing • vit c enter in formation of neurotransmitter of brain • vit C help in resistance of fever & infection • additional vitC required for growth during childhood ,pregnancy & lactation

16. * signs & symptoms of vit C deficiency : • *-weak capillaries ,& easily ruptured by trauma, bleeding gums [ gingivitis ]

17. Thanks