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Geetha Karandawala Chief Transport Facilitation Section Transport and Tourism Division UNESCAP

4 th Expert Group Meeting on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages 21-24 November 2006, Thessaloniki, Greece. Non-physical Obstacles to Transit Transport Selected Routes & Measures to Remove Them. Geetha Karandawala Chief Transport Facilitation Section

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Geetha Karandawala Chief Transport Facilitation Section Transport and Tourism Division UNESCAP

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  1. 4th Expert Group Meeting on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages21-24 November 2006, Thessaloniki, Greece Non-physical Obstacles to Transit Transport Selected Routes & Measures to Remove Them Geetha Karandawala ChiefTransport Facilitation Section Transport and Tourism DivisionUNESCAP

  2. Globalization & Trade Related Economic Growth Trade Liberalization Transport Developments Growth in ICT Global market access Reduced tariff barriers Semi finished goods Multiple sourcing Intense competition Effective export competitiveness Productive capacity Ability to bring goods to market Demanding Buyers High quality Reliable delivery

  3. A Favourable Environment for International Trade Transactions • Countries supply capacity & competitiveness determined by • Low trade transaction costs • Availability, quality & costs of transport & logistics services • Obstacles • Long waiting times at border crossings • Multiple inspections • Inappropriate fees & formalities • Unclear trade & transport rules • These obstacles constitute a major effective barrier to market access

  4. A Favourable Environment for International Trade Transactions • Developments had been mainly in the Maritime Sector • New land transport networks • Opening of land borders hold the promise of hinterland development • Need for intermodal facilities • Importance of multimodal transport & logistics • Non-physical obstacles to be overcome • Lack of suitable tools • Landlocked countries have particular concerns but also have potential to be land-linking countries • Important Mandate – Almaty Programme of Action

  5. Day 4 $400 Day 3 $300 Day 2 $200 Day 1 $100 Time Cost 500 km 1000 km 1500 km 2000 km Distance Tool to efficiency of the transport routes ESCAP time / cost analysis Sea transport Wait at sea port Transport to sea port Wait at border crossing/change transport mode Transport to border

  6. Day 4 $400 Day 3 $300 Day 2 $200 Day 1 $100 Time Cost 500 km 1000 km 1500 km 2000 km Distance Straightening the line, decreasing the angle Transport line Time/Cost angle

  7. Comparison of border crossing time (hours) 300 250 200 Border 150 100 50 0 Lao- Thai Lao- Mongolia- Mongolia- Uzbekistan- Nepal- India Kazakhstan- Vietnam China Russia Russia Turkmenistan Average Maximum

  8. Comparison of border crossing costs (US$ per TEU) Cost/TEU $700 $600 $650 $500 $400 $300 $200 $293 $200 $100 $155 $131 $124 $100 $0 Lao- Thai Lao- Mongolia- Mongolia- *Kazakhstan- *Uzbekistan- Nepal- India Vietnam China Russia Russia Turkmenistan

  9. 6-18 July 2004 10,350 km - 12 days 8 hours Malaszewicze 35 km/h - 837 km/day Brest Vostochny Ulaan baatar Ulaan Tianjin Almaty 15-24 June 2004 7,200 km - 8 days 16 hours Lianyungang 35 km/h - 830 km/day 1 2 22-29 April 2004 8-11 November 2003 5,020 km - 7 days 6 hours 29 km/h - 692 km/day 1,700 km - 75 hours 20 min. 22.5 km/h - 541 km/day 3 4 Implementation of Demonstration Runs of Container Block Train Moscow United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

  10. 500 Naushki Sukhbaatar Krasnoe Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar Naushki Sukhbaatar 400 (6,778 km) (610 km) (7,200 km) (7,200 km) (6,798 km) (6,778 km) (6,798 km) 300 Time (hours) 200 100 Brest 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Distance (km) Assessing impact of measures Measure the efficiency of policy / infrastructure improvements 2002 15 days (statistics) 2004 8 days 16 hrs (demonstration run)

  11. SPECA countries Almaty Bishkek Lugovaya Sary Agash Dushanbe Tashkent Samarkand Beyneu Ashghabad Aktau Baku Poti port (Georgia) Countries in Europe

  12. SPECA

  13. Templates for Application of the Model in Kyrgyzstan

  14. Kara Balta/Chaldovar (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Alat/Farab (Uzbekistan/Turkmenistan) Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Gurbulak (Turkey) Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Bazargan (Iran) Zhibek Zholy/Gisht Koprik (Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan) Sarahs/Sarakhs (Turkmenistan/Iran) Via Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan & Islamic Republic of Iran

  15. Kotyaevka (Russian) Kara Balta/Chaldovar (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Turkey Turkey Kyrgyzstan - Turkey Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Port of Novorossijsk (Russia) Via Kazakhstan & Russian Federation

  16. Moscow Kyrgyzstan – Russian Federation Pogodaevo/Kurlin (Kazakhstan/Russian) Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Kara Balta/Chaldovar (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Via Kazakhstan

  17. Frankfurt (Germany) Chistoe/Petuhovo (Kazakhstan/Russian) Kyrgyzstan – Germany Krasnoye/Asinowka (Russian/Belarus) Swiecko (Poland) Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Kozloviczy/Kukuryki (Belarus/Poland) Kara Balta/Chaldovar (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Via Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Belarus & Poland

  18. Almaty (Kazakhstan) Dostyk/Alashankou (Kazakhstan/China) Kyrgyzstan - USA Port of Lianyungang (China) Georgievka/Kordai (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) USA (West Coast) Via Kazakhstan & China

  19. Almaty (Kazakhstan) Kyrgyzstan - USA Bulaevo/Isilkul (Kazakhstan/Russia) Georgievka/Kordai (Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan) Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Port of Vladivostok (Russia) USA (West Coast) Via Kazakhstan & Russian Federation

  20. General Questions UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS

  21. UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS Other Issues

  22. UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS * NB: If this information is not easily available, you may respond: “n.a”

  23. Possible routes for Time/Cost Analysis

  24. Possible routes for Time/Cost Analysis

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