1 / 19

Your Task

Your Task. 1. Home Learning – Assessed Report Using drosophila as an example explain the process of differentiation of cells into tissues and organs. ( due Monday October 1 st ) 2. Add the red terms from this powerpoint to your glossary with detailed definitions.

brad
Download Presentation

Your Task

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Your Task 1. Home Learning – Assessed Report Using drosophila as an example explain the process of differentiation of cells into tissues and organs. (due Monday October 1st) 2. Add the red terms from this powerpoint to your glossary with detailed definitions. 3. Complete all of the Scholar online activities for differentiation. 4. Read pages 15 – 17 in the student monograph and take notes for next week’s lesson.

  2. Lesson 9 – Cell and Tissue Culture 1.4 Cell and Tissue Culture

  3. Why are cells cultured? Cells may be cultured for biotechnological purposes or for research purposes.

  4. Biotechnology Biotechnology Agriculture (production of silage) Pharmaceuticals (GM bacterial to make insulin etc) Food production (baking, brewing, yoghurt) Biodegradation (sewage treatment)

  5. Research Research To study the effects of drugs To understand how cells function Production of new plants Genetic modifications Toxicology studies

  6. What is needed to culture cells? A source of cells A suitable container A growth medium containing nutrients Gas exchange Appropriate temperature Appropriate pH Aseptic conditions A way of monitoring cell growth

  7. Aseptic Conditions Aseptic conditions are essential to prevent contamination. All equipment is sterilised using an autoclave or by dry heat.

  8. Autoclave

  9. Micro-organisms Micro-organisms can easily be grown in suspension in fermenters or on nutrient agar in petri dishes.

  10. Culturing Algae Algae are photoautotrophs. This means they are bale to photosynthesise to make their own food so only need essential minerals provided in their growth medium. Additionally they need air to be bubbled through their medium for ideal growth.

  11. Culturing Bacteria and Yeast Bacteria and yeast are heterotrophs so they need to be provided with nutrients such as amino acids and an organic carbon source as well as minerals. A selection of growth media. Note: Bacteria and yeast are cultured at temperatures other than human body temperature to discourage the growth of harmful pathogens.

  12. Exponential Growth of Micro-organisms Micro-organisms are grown in a batch culture until a maximum density is achieved. The growth of these populations follows a pattern of exponential growth before a reduction to little or no growth due to a number of limiting factors. Cultures then enter a stationary phase before dying or being sub-cultured.

  13. Mammalian Cell Culture Cell Culture - the basics Most mammalian cells require a complex medium containing chemical growth factors such as foetal bovine serum (FBS) for the cells to divide and grow rapidly. Additionally they require a balanced salt solution with amino acids, vitamins and glucose.

  14. Mammalian Cell Culture - Stages Cells are detached from the source tissue using proteolytic enzymes (trypsin) resulting in a primary cell culture. Adhesion. Cells are added to an agar nutrient media in a flask where they adhere to the agar. Spread. The cells flatten and spread out. Division. The cells rapidly divide until they have formed a monolayer one cell thick. Confluence. Cells stop dividing when they have become confluent and are completely covering the surface of the agar.

  15. Why do they keep dividing? Normal mammalian cells can only divide a certain number of times before apoptosis (the Hayflick limit – 60 divisions). In order to continue to culture mammalian cells they have been derived from either tumours or they have cells that have been transformed to produce immortal cell lines. Immortal cell lines are neoplastic. This means that they would produce cancers if put into animals.

  16. Stem Cells Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. These can be pluripotent (capable of differentiating into a number of different cells. Some are totipotent (capable of differentiating into any cell type). Currently stem cells can be cultured into simple tissues. In the future stem cells might be used to culture entire organs.

  17. Reminder - Your Tasks for Monday 1. Home Learning – Assessed Report Using drosophila as an example explain the process of differentiation of cells into tissues and organs. (due Monday October 1st) 2. Add the red terms from this powerpoint to your glossary with detailed definitions. 3. Complete all of the Scholar online activities for differentiation. 4. Read pages 15 – 20 in the student monograph and take notes for next week’s lesson.

  18. Unit 1 – Section 1 TEST Monday October 8th On test day I will be collecting in your jotters to check your notes on the monograph and to make sure your glossary is up to date. I will also check on Scholar to make sure you have completed the Scholar activities from Section 1.

More Related