eGovernment in Estonia – organization, policies, frameworks

1. Vinnytsia 07.2012 eGovernment in Estonia– organization, policies, frameworks Arvo Ott, PhD, arvo.ott@ega.ee e-Governance Academy www.ega.ee

2. 76 % of population are Internet users 63 % of the households have a computer at home, 82 % of home computers connected to Internet. over 700 Public InternetAccess Points in Estonia, 51 per 100 000 people. More than 1 100 000 smart-card type ID-cards issued 94% (citizens) of tax declarations were e-declarations (2011), 97% businesses 94% of banking transaction on-line. 1 place in Internet Banking – (next are Norway, Nederlands, New Zealand…. Finland in the 6th place) 24th (all 134, Ukraine 75) place in Network Readiness index 2012. eEstonia

3. eEstonia • In August 2000, the Government of Estoniachanged its Cabinet meetings to paperless sessions using a web-based document system.

4. Balanced e-Governance Combination of electronic services and participatory services e- GOVERNMENT Transaction of user-oriented services offered by government that are based on information and communication technologies. e-DEMOCRACY Digitally conveyed information (transparency) and the political influence (participation) exerted by citizens and business on the opinion-forming processes of public – state and non-state –institutions

5. eGovernment example: Parental benefit – best eGov service in 2004 (interoperability of 5 information systems from 5 goverment institutions)

6. Tax declarations on-line

7. eParticipation example: E-Voting in Estonia (140 846 e-voters in 2011!)

9. eGovernment Policy / Strategy

10. Questions: • IT policy as the driving force for change? • Centralized vers. decentralized? Coordination vers. direct management? • Implementation of strategies • Organization • Coordination tools: • Regulations • Budget planning • Human resource planning • “soft methods” – training, discussion, awareness building etc.

11. Driving forces of eGov • Stable and functioning organizational setup for coordination. • Leadership and political will. • Fixed info-political principles. • PPP, good telecom infrastructure and high level of eBanking • Supporting legal and fiscal frameworks. • Interoperable ICT architecture.

12. Framework C O A L I T I O N A G R E E M E N T Parliament I N F O R M A T I O N P O L I C Y A C T I O N P L A N Government Ministries Informatics Council

13. Example: Fixedinfo-political principlesin Estonia • Citizen (customer) orientation • Leading role for the private sector • Efficient and transparent public sector. eDemocracy and participation. • Functioning model for protection of personal data • Measures against digital divide (ID-cards example…) • Neutrality concerning technological platforms • etc.

17. Government County governments Local governments Ministries IT managers Representative Management representatives & IT managers of ministries Local government associations Subordinate agencies IT councils of counties IT managers Council representative Representative IT councils of ministries Councils directors Informatics Council IC secretariat ICT work groups of counties ICT work groups of ministries IT manager Department of State Information Systems (RISO) MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS Informatics Centre

18. State Chancellery / Ministry ICT work group of ministries eGov Center (CIO office) ICT work group of regional development • Regulation initiatives • eGov budget planning • monitoring of implementation • Interoperability Framework agreements Ministries • Reform initiatives • ICT Budget CIO-s • projectprocurement, supervision, implementation • systems maintenance • end user training eGov imple- menting institution IT Businesses IT Businesses IT Businesses IT Businesses

19. Government Committee “Estonian Informatics Council” - advice to the Government on Information Policy matters • All ministries (11 ministries) have CIOs. Ministries are relatively independent. Boards and inspectorates are subordinated to the ministries. There are ITcouncils of ministries who are coordinating the work in their fields of responsibility. • All County Governments (15) have also CIOs,who manage the work of IT-councils of counties. County Governments are state bodies. There are several municipalities (local governments with independent budgets) in the counties (altogether ca. 220). County ITcouncils have members from municipalities.

21. Budgeting • Separate article of state budget: expenses for IT- subdivided into HW, SW and project work ordered from outside of government structures. For the last 8 years this budget hasformed about 1% of the state budget. • All ministries, county governments and boards have independent IT budgets which are planned in cooperation of all CIOs. • For joint actions of several ministries the IT budget is often included in the budget of the ministry that is coordinating the work.

22. National chip-based Identity Card • Issuing authority: • Estonian Citizenship and • Migration Board • Service contractor: • TRÜB Switzerland • Start of issue:January 1, 2002 • Conformance with: • ICAO Doc. 9303 part 3 Inside 16 Kb RSA crypto chip are : 2 private keys; authentication certificate; digital signature certificate; personal data file

23. Banks Databases / information systems • Ühispank • Hansapank • Krediidipank • Sampo Pank • Nordea Pank Population Register Health Insurance Register National Pension Insurance Register Vehicle Register Eesti Energia IS Tallinna Vesi IS 5 Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Security server Internet - X-road Security server Popul. ~1,3 mil. ID – card Security server Central server I Central monitoring :: … :: :: E-institution – institution view :: National Databases Register http://www.riik.ee/arr/ :: E-county – county view :: :: Governmental Portal – Your Estonia :: Institutional view of the state Thematic view of the state www.riik.eewww.eesti.ee Central server II HelpDesk 1000000 KIT Citizen view EIT Enterpriser view AIT Public servant view X-road certification center Certification Center Tools centrally developed by the State, i.e. the State Portal X-road center

24. Lessons learned - 1 • Cooperation and coordination is the key, technology is the simplest part. Important role of Centre in coordination of the actions. • Training of CIO-s (IT managers) and partners from private sector • Medium push from legal framework • Figuring out what might be the motivation • Procurement procedures and rules can destroy initial project plans • Step-by-step approach, no need to enter to “business” of the “back-office”

25. Lessons learned - 2 • Process from operational technical system to wide implementation takes 2-3 years – “honeymoon period” of the project • Money, spent once for development of basic components of the architecture will give high profit in the phase of development of single e-services… but it will be clear only after several years… and this might not be the motivation for public institutions • Driving force is often not from the top management of public institution but somewhere else – find this person …

26. Thank you for your attention! Arvo Ott, PhD Director eGovernance Academy arvo.ott@ega.ee www.ega.ee