Cell parts (organelle and plasma membrane)

1. Cell parts (organelle and plasma membrane) Rayna Higuchi, AlexaHozouri, Audrey Elloitt, Kevin Ding, Yusuke Tsutsuzaki Period 1

2. Cell Membrane and Cell Wall Cell Membrane • Regulates passage in and out of cells. • In both plant and animal cells. Cell Wall • Rigid structure • Located outside of the plasma membrane • Only in plant cells • Provides support and protection

3. Nucleolus Nucleus and Nucleolus Nucleus Information and administrative center • Organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus • Produces ribosomes

4. Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Modifies proteins and lipids Smooth has no ribosomes, rough has ribosomes attached • Protein production sites

5. Vacuole Cytoplasm and Vacuole Cytoplasm Clear, gelatinous fluid Suspends the cells organelles • Membrane-bound, fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm • For temporary storage of materials

6. Chloroplast Mitochondria and Chloroplast Mitochondria Power generator for the cell • Captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy • Only in plant cells

7. Cytoskeleton Golgi apparatus and Cytoskeleton Golgi apparatus The distribution and shipping department for the cells chemical products • Cellular framework found within the cytoplasm • Composed of microtubules and microfilaments

8. Lysosome • Organelle that contains digestive enzymes • Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

9. Viruses • Basic Structure • Contains general information • NOT living • May have external structures and a membrane • Diagram • Examples: Hepatitis B, HIV, Measles, Mumps, Rabies, Ebola, Influenza

10. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic Basic Structure Surrounded by a membrane and cell wall Does not have membrane enclosed organelles(except ribosomes) Examples: Blue-green algae, bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella) • Basic Structure • Plasma membrane • Cytoplasm • Cytoskeleton • Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles • Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, protists

11. Plasma Membrane • Characteristics • Maintains homeostasis (balance with environment) • Selective permeability- allows some molecules into the cell while keeping others out • Structure • Phospholipids • Lipids with a phosphate group attached • Carrier Proteins • Allows larger substances to move through the plasma membrane • Cholesterol molecule • Helps stabilize the phospholipids • Prevents fatty acid chains of the phospholipids from sticking together

12. 1. What is the function of the vacuole? • It produces and modifies proteins • Serves as an information and administrative center for the cell • c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell • d. Captures light energy from the sun to convert into chemical energy

13. 2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces • prokaryotic, DNA • Prokaryotic, ribosomes • Eukaryotic, ribosomes • Eukaryotic, DNA

14. 3. What is the definition of a ribosome? • Protein production site • Organelle that contains digestive enzymes and digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses/ bacteria • c. Protein and lipid modifier • d. The distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products

15. 4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells • The cytoplasm, located just inside the plasma membrane, regulates the passage in and out of cells • The plasma membrane, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells • The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells • The cell wall, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells

16. 5. Which of these is an example of a virus? • HIV • Ecoli • Salmonella • Bacteria

17. 6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? • Has a plasma membrane and a cell wall • Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles • DNA not contained in a nucleus • Has ribosomes

18. 7. What is the plasma membrane made of? • The plasma membrane contains carrier proteins, cholesterol molecules, and microtubules. • The plasma membrane contains flagellum, phospholipids, and carrier proteins • The plasma membrane contains cholesterol molecules, lysotubules, and phospholipids • The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins

19. 8. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together 1 2 3 Both 1 and 2 Both 1 and 3 Both 2 and 3

20. 9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell? • 1. ribosomes; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall, 4. endoplasmic reticulum • 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella • 1. lysosome; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall; 4. golgi apparatus • 1. lysosome; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella 1. 2. 4. 3.

21. 10. What does a chloroplast do? • A. power generator for the cell • B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy • C. uses energy from the sun to create other organelles • D. digests other old or worn out organelles to make energy

22. Answer to questions 1 and 2: • What is the function of the vacuole? • c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell • 2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces • c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes

23. Answers to questions 3 and 4: • 3. What is the definition of a ribosome? • a. Protein production site • 4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells • c. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells

24. Answers to questions 5 and 6: • 5. Which of these is an example of a virus? • HIV • (the rest are all bacteria) • 6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? • b. Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles

25. Answer to question 7: • 7. What is the plasma membrane made of? • d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins • (PS: for anyone who chose answer c, lysotubules don’t exist)

26. Answer to question 8: • 7. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together • 1 • (they have polar, hydrophilic heads and non- polar, hydrophobic tails. Cholesterol molecules prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together and stabilize them)

27. Answer to question 9: • 9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell? 1. 2. a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella 4. 3.

28. Answer to question 10: • 10. What does a chloroplast do? • B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy