Verksamhets- och affärssystem

1. Verksamhets- och affärssystem Att integrera verksamheten genom informationssystemet INFORMATIONSFLÖDE Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Vendor Manufacturing Distribution Store Customer MATERIALFLÖDE

2. Verksamhets- och affärssystem Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Vendor Manufacturing Distribution Store Customer Kunder Att integrera verksamheten genom informations- systemet Partners Företaget

3. Kursinnehåll Enterprise Modelling - Goal Modelling - Analysis Patterns - FLBC Enterprise Application Integration - Message Brokers - Process Integration Enterprise Systems - Functionality - Architecture

4. Systemaspekter MÅL uttrycker önskvärda tillstånd hos styr påverkar HAND- LINGAR OBJEKT

5. Architectural Patterns • Context • Designing a living room • Problem • Making people feel comfortable • Forces • People want to sit down • People want to be close to the light • Solution • Put a sitting place close to the windows

6. Design Patterns • Context • Developing software with a human-computer interface • Problem • Interfaces vary often • Forces • Easy to modify the interface • Modifying the interface should not impact the application logic • Solution • Model-View-Controller

7. A Design Pattern - MVC Model core data notify getData View myModel display update Controller myView handleEvent update

8. Properties of Patterns • Address recurring problems • Document well-proven experience • Specify abstract solutions

9. Analysis Patterns Person Employment Organisation Period of Time A person is employed in an organisation for a period of time.

10. Analysis Patterns Person Management Role Organisation Period of Time A person has a certain management role for a period of time.

11. Analysis Patterns Marriage Person Period of Time Two people are married for a period of time.

12. PARTY PERSON ACCOUNTABILITY ORGANISATION TIME PERIOD ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE From To Name Name Address Accountability Pattern 1 * 1 * * * commissioner responsible 1 1

13. ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE PARTY Accountability Pattern The Accountability Pattern can be used to model situations where there exists a relationship of responsibility between two parties: - Employment - Order - Contract - Membership - Offering ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies different kinds of accountability. In an employment context, it could contain: permanent employment, project employment, time limited employment, etc.

14. Accountability :Time period from = 970101 to = 001231 :Accountability type name = permanent :Accountability commissioner responsible :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Organisation name = ‘IBM’ This instance diagram states that Peter is employed by IBM 970101 - 001231.

15. STATE COUNTRY CITY Hierarchy Pattern The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe situations where certain objects are subordinated to other objects. USA Washington California Massachusetts Seattle San Francisco Los Angeles Boston

16. Measurable Properties A person may have a large number of properties that are quantitative. PERSON Name Blood pressure Weight Length Age Shoe size Temperature IQ EQ Representing all these properties in a schema can make it exceedingly large.

17. Measurement Pattern Phenomenontype 1 * 1 * 1 Object Measurement Quantity * The Measurement Pattern enables a compact representation of quantitative properties. A measurement measures the quantity of a phenomenon type for a certain object.

18. Measurement Pattern :Phenomenon type name = temperature :Quantity unit = Celsius value = 37.5 :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Measurement date = 000101 This instance diagram states that Peter has the temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius 000101.

19. Category Observation Some properties are not quantitative, but rather classify objects into different groups, for example the gender or nationality of a person. Phenomenontype 1 * 1 * 1 Category observation * Object Category

20. Category Observation :Phenomenon type name = gender :Category value = male :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Category observation date = 000101 This instance diagram states that Peter has the gender male 000101.

21. Observation Pattern Measurements and category obser-vations can be combined into one pattern. Phenomenontype 1 * 1 * Object Observation Category observation Measurement * * 1 1 Quantity Category

22. PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION TIME POINT ACTION PARTY LOCATION Action Pattern An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location. An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out.

23. Action Pattern :Time point date = 990101 time = 2.00 a.m. :Time point date = 990101 time = 1.00 a.m. :Proposed action name = surgery :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Implemented action name = ‘surgery :Location room = C608 :Location room = C604

24. RESOURCE Booking Using this simple booking schema, we can express that different resources are booked for different time intervals. In some situations, we do not want to book a specific resource, but rather a general resource type. For example, we only state that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it does not matter who. In other cases, we really want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen. BOOKING From To * for 1

25. Assets and other Resources Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g. in a surgery blood plasma is consumed. Other resources are not consumed in an activity but can be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed in a surgery.

26. ASSET TYPE RESOURCE TYPE ASSET GENERAL RA SPECIFIC RA Resource Allocation Pattern 1 * 1 1 * TEMPORAL RESOURCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION From To Quantity 1 * *

27. Resource Allocation Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do not care which ones. Peter is allocated for two hours. :Asset Type name = Nurse :Asset name = ‘Peter’ :Resource Type name = Blood plasma :Temporal Resource from = 0101, 04 to = 0101, 06 :General RA quantity 3 :Specific RA

28. Exercise The Resource Allocation Pattern has a number of limitations. Identify these and construct an extension of the pattern that overcomes these limitations. Consider whether it would be worthwhile to have several variants of the pattern to cover different situations.

29. PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION ACTION RESOURCE ALLOCATION Action and Resource Allocation A proposed action books resources, while an implemented action uses resources. uses books

30. PLAN PROPOSED ACTION Plans The simplest way to model a plan is to say that it consists of a number of proposed actions. Example: Plan for dinner party consists of buying food, cooking, and making the table. One limitation of this model is that we cannot express dependencies between proposed actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be performed before others. * contains *

31. PLAN ACTION REFERENCE PROPOSED ACTION Plan Pattern By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express precedence relationships among proposed actions in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it is optional or not. 1 contains * * precedes 1

32. VEHICLE BIKE TRUCK BOAT CAR Subtypes One way to show different categories is to introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a solution may result in a very large schema.

33. VEHICLE VEHICLE TYPE Powertypes VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as: Car, Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane, ... 1 * VEHICLE would have instances such as: abc123 (which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat), ...

34. Purpose of Goal Models • Describing the goals of an enterprise • Showing how the goals are interrelated • Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment • Finding opportunities that facilitate goal fulfilment

35. A Goal Model A Goal Model for a Library Goal2: To minimise library costs hinders Goal1: To provide advanced services to customers supports supports Opportunity1: Advanced ICT supports Goal4: To main- tain high stock availability Goal3: To deliver items electro- nically Problem1: Intellectual Property Rights hinders

36. Components of a Goal Model Goal A desired state supports hinders conflicts Problem A state of affairs that may hinder a goal Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice versa Opportunity A state of affairs that may support a goal

37. En övning Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val. Hans främsta motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för följande: • Att vinna valet • Att få stöd från EU-anhängare • Att få stöd från EU-kritiker • Att svärta ned motståndaren • Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort • Eva har använt svarta kreditkort • Att ha många reklaminslag i tv • Budgeten är begränsad • Få finansiellt stöd från storföretag • Skaffa en image som oberoende • Skaffa en image som hedervärd

38. supports supports supports supports supports supports Goal5: Skaffa en image som hedervärd Goal6: Att ha många reklaminslag i tv Goal2: Att få stöd från EU-anhängare hinders supports conflicts Threat2: Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort Goal9: Att ha en stor budget Goal3: Att få stöd från EU-kritiker supports Goal7: Att svärta ned motståndaren Goal8: Att få stöd från storföretag hinders supports Goal4: Skaffa en image som oberoende Opportunity1: Eva har använt svarta kreditkort Goal1: Att vinna valet