Unit: Chemical Reactions of Matter

1. Unit: Chemical Reactions of Matter UEQ: How does the structure of matter influence its physical and chemical behavior?

2. Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • Elements  compounds • New properties are created • Why do elements form compounds? • To become more chemically stable by getting a complete outer energy level.

3. Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • What are chemical formulas? • A formula that tells you number of atoms each element in a compound represented by symbols and subscripts

4. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • Subscripts • small numbers to the lower right of the chemical symbol • Represents the number of atoms of that element present in the compound • ***the subscript of 1 is never written in a chemical formula because it is understood since the chemical symbol is there****

5. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • Looking at the following formulas state the number of atoms for each compound. • NH4OH • NH4C • Ag2O • K2SO4 • Ca (NO3)2 • Na2S

6. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • What are characteristics of polyatomic ions? • Form ternary compounds (3 elements) • Covalent molecules with a charge • Behave as if they were one atomic ion

7. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • What are common polyatomic ions? • Ammonium – NH4 1+ (only positive one) • Hydroxide – OH1- • Nitrite – NO2 1- • Nitrate – NO3 1- • Sulfite – SO3 2- • Sulfate – SO4 2- • Carbonate – CO32- • Phosphate - PO4 3-

8. Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • Remember, oxidation numbers tell how many electrons and atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable. • Shown as superscripts.

9. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction? • We use oxidation numbers and their least common multiples to write formulas So, if both subscripts are divisible by the same number, they must be reduced to have formula in proper form. • When writing formulas, the compound should be neutral (same number of + and - charges)

10. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Binary compounds • Gained (anion - ) or lost (cation +) electrons • Electrical attraction (opposite charges hold compounds together) • Smallest particle is an ion • Solid at room temperature

11. Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Crystalline lattice structure (repeating patterns of ions) • Between a metal and nonmetal • Stronger than covalent bonds • Formula unit • Makes atoms more stable • Lowers potential energy

12. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? How do you write the formula of a simple ionic compound? • Write the ions beside each other (first cation then anion) • Write the oxidation of each as superscripts w/ charge • Drop the +/- signs • Crisscross superscripts so they become subscripts • Reduce when possible

13. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice Write the formula for the following • Magnesium chloride • Potassium iodide

14. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice-Answers • Magnesium chloride- MgCl2 • Potassium iodide- KI

15. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice on your own Write the formula for the following • Boron oxide • Beryllium and Nitrogen

16. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice-Answers • Boron oxide- B2O3 • Beryllium and Nitrogen – Be3N2

17. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Bell Work 11/28/12 Write the formula unit for the following: Lithium nitride Sodium fluoride

18. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • How do you write the formula of an ionic compound with a transition metal? • Ti (4+, 3+) • Cr (2+, 3+, 6+) • Mn ( 3+, 4+, 6+) • Fe (2+, 3+) • Co (2+, 3+) • Ni (2+, 3+) • Cu (2+, 1+) • Zn (2+) • Pb (2+, 4+) • Sn (2+, 4+)

19. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice Write formula for the following • Iron (III) oxide • Zinc (II) chloride • Silver (I) chloride

20. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Practice • Write formula for the following • Iron (III) oxide – Fe2 O3 • Zinc (II) chloride – Zn Cl2 • Silver (I) chloride – Ag Cl

21. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice Write formula for the following • Copper (II) phosphide • Manganese (IV) oxide • Lead (IV) sulfide

22. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Practice • Write formula for the following • Copper (II) phosphide – Cu3 P2 • Manganese (IV) oxide – Mn O2 • Lead (IV) sulfide – Pb S2

23. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? How do you write the formula of an ionic compound with a polyatomic ion? • Treat the polyatomic ion as one • Crisscross to determine formula • Use parenthesis around polyatomic ion • Only reduce subscripts that are outside of the parenthesis

24. Cation Anion Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Ca 2+ • Mg 2+ • Ba2+ • Ba2+ NO 3– PO 43- OH – SO 4 2-

25. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Bell Work 11/29/12 Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ions Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate Aluminum carbonate Sodium phosphate Calcium phosphate Aluminum phosphate

26. Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ions Sodium carbonate – Na2CO3 Calcium carbonate – CaCO3 Aluminum carbonate – Al2(CO3)3 Sodium phosphate – Na3 PO4 Calcium phosphate – Ca3 (PO3)2 Aluminum phosphate – AlPO3

27. Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? How do you name ionic compounds? • Write metal name first • Remember if it is a transition metal, YOU MUST put a Roman Numeral after its name to represent its oxidation number!!! Look at the subscript of the nonmetal for this information!!!

28. Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? How do you name ionic compounds? • Then, write the nonmetal name. Drop the ending and add –ideto the end • Ex. Nitride, sulfide, fluoride, oxide, bromide, iodide, chloride, telluride, phosphide • If it is a ternary compound; then, just write the name of the polyatomic ion.

29. Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Practice Naming Ionic Compounds • MnO2 • Ca (NO3)2 • BaSO4 • Cu3P2 • AgCl • B2O3 • MgCl2 • Ba (OH)2

30. Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding? • Practice Naming Ionic Compounds-Answers • MnO2 – Manganese (IV) oxide • Ca (NO3)2 – Calcium nitrate • BaSO4 – Barium sulfate • Cu3P2 – Copper (II) phosphide • AgCl – Silver (I) chloride • B2O3 – Boron oxide • MgCl2 – Magnesium chloride • Ba (OH)2 – Barium hydroxide