Precipitation and Water (and Energy) Cycle Integration WA-08-01d, led by the

1. Precipitation and Water (and Energy) Cycle Integration WA-08-01d, led by the International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG) 2009-2010 IPWG Co-Chairs: George J. Huffman Science Systems and Applications, Inc. and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD USA Christian Klepp University of Hamburg and Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg, Germany Presented by: Chris Kidd University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K. GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

2. Outline • Current activities • The future • Integration • Summary GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

3. A Word About IPWG • IPWG was established under CGMS to: • • Promote standard operational procedures and common software for deriving precipitation estimates from satellites • Establish standards for validation and independent verification of precipitation estimates • Foster the exchange of data on inter-comparisons of operational precipitation estimates from satellites • Stimulate increased international scientific research and development in this field • Provide recommendations to national and international agencies regarding the utilization of current and future satellite instruments on both polar and geostationary platforms • Encourage regular education and training activities • CGMS nominated IPWG to lead the GEO precip subtask, WA-08-01d in 2008 GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

4. A Word About the GEO Precip Sub-task Sub-task definition (as given in the 2009-2011 Work Plan): • Under the guidance of CGMS/IPWG - promote and advance the development and validation of multi-sensor satellite- based precip estimates - including snowfall • Inputs from the Precipitation Virtual Constellation (AR-09-02a) will supplement these efforts Scope of the GEO precip activity • Integrate satellite data and products with surface observations and numerical model information to provide long-term, fine-scale records of global precip • Participate in analyses of the global water and energy cycle (WEC) - explore this crucial element of the global environment - constrain the permissible values of precip by comparison to estimates of the other components GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

5. TRMM Sat-Gauge (mm/h) 00Z 01 March 2000 Or More Graphically We want to get better at turning this into this Images courtesy GPM (top), George Huffman (bottom) GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

6. Current Data Sets Most WEC activities depend on multi-satellite data sets • Provides quasi-gobal, consistent coverage over a long span • GPCP provides the longest records - Satellite-Gauge monthly 2.5°x2.5° 1979-present - Pentad (5-day) 2.5°x2.5° 1979-present - One-Degree Daily (1DD) 1°x1° October 1996-present - Pentad, 1DD constrained to add up to the monthly • “High resolution precipitation products” provide more detail - CMORPH 0.08°x0.08° December 2002-present - GSMaP 0.10°x0.10° 1998-2006 (NRT October 2007-present) - NRL MW/IR 0.25°x0.25° 2004-present - PERSIANN 0.25°x0.25° March 2000-present - TMPA 0.25°x0.25° 1998-present (current RT October 2008-present) - the region of coverage is around 50°N-50°S in all cases • GPCC provides a consistent, on-going source of global gauge analyses • GPCP and TMPA products use monthly gauge data - important bias corrections, but only in gauged regions GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

7. Recent Activities (1/2) Excellent precip datasets depend on excellence at every stage • Ongoing precip-relevant satellite constellation, rain gauge network - advocate continuation of “old” platforms (prior DMSP and NOAA platforms, TRMM) - advocate future missions (GPM, MegaTropique) - support CEOS planning • Calibration and quality control for input data - IPWG interaction with International TOVS Working Group; NASA/PMM XCAL • Timely, open access to data GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

8. Recent Activities (2/2) Excellent precip datasets depend on excellence at every stage (cont.) • Development and validation of algorithms - improved GPCC rain gauge analysis - continued improvement in “traditional” passive microwave (GPROF, GSMaP, HOAPS) - work on “high-frequency” passive microwave for snow, cold season use - multi-spectral VIS/IR algorithms (driven by GOES-R, MSG sensors) - Kalman smoother schemes in CMORPH, GSMaP - additional, upgraded inputs for Version 7 TMPA - retrospective CMOPRH processing back to 1998 - use of the new GPCC analyses in GPCP Version 2.1 • Development and validation of numerical analyses - IPWG interaction with Working Group on Numerical Experimentation for parallel validation of observed and numerical precip estimates • Dataset archives focused on stable long-term, global, homogeneously processed estimates GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

9. The Future Single-sensor • Continued focus on “difficult” situations - snow, cold season - coastal areas - complex terrain Multi-satellite • Continued focus on Lagrangian time interpolation • Approaches to the “development problem” - precip patterns change between passive microwave overpasses • Use submonthly rain gauge data in satellite-gauge combination products • Refined schemes for estimating precip errors - develop parameterized multi-scale expressions for bias, RMS, etc. • Merged observation-numerical estimates in parallel to observation-only products GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

10. Integration Activities There’s a great deal of interaction that just hasn’t been cast in a GEO framework Work with specific users or specific WEC interactions • Flood/drought - FEWSNet, H-SAF, IFNet, Mekong River Commission, SERVIR, TRMM flood/landslide alerts - hydrological modelers - the key issue is the sensor-, scale-, and regime-dependent error in the precip products • Soil moisture - land-process modelers - soil moisture satellites (SMAP, SMOS) • Assimilation of precip data in numerical initialization systems WEC integration; to repeat: • explore this crucial element of the global environment • constrain the permissible values of precip by comparison to estimates of the other components GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

11. GEWEX Radiation Panel (GRP) Within GEWEX the GRP produces long-term global observational WEC data sets GRP plans to produce an integrated WEC product (probably 3 hr, 50 km) • combine all GRP individual products into a single file for use in WEC budget studies - aerosols (GACP) - clouds (ISCCP) - precipitation (GPCP, including rain gauge analysis by GPCC) - surface fluxes (SeaFlux, LandFlux) - surface radiation (SRB) - TOA radiation (CERES) Graphic courtesy William Rossow GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

12. Current GRP Data Sets (From 2008 report) 250/100 km Graphic courtesy Christian Kummerow GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

13. NASA Energy and Water Studies (NEWS) NEWS Challenge: • Document and enable improved, observationally-based predictions of • water and energy cycle consequences of • Earth system variability and change NEWS is intended to be integrative There are lots of connections: Logos courtesy Deborah Belvedere GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

14. NASA Energy and Water Studies (NEWS) NEWS cross-cutting focus groups • Drought & Flood Extremes - including water and energy aspects of abrupt climate change • Evaporation & Latent Heating - including both land and ocean • Energy & Water Cycle Climatology - exploit and influence evolving observing systems - key goal to use uncertainties in individual components to estimate adjustments that create a better “fit” to the WEC as a whole • Modeling & Water Cycle Prediction - foster interaction with the global modeling community • The goal is big-picture use of the individual P.I. results http://www.nasa-news.org/integration/   GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

15. Regional-Scale Water Cycle Studies Asian Water Cycle Initiative • Focus on Asia and surrounding waters CEOP • Focus on GEWEX Continental-Scale Experiment regions Arctic basin hydrological balance • Focus on water budgets of the Arctic basin rivers GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

16. Concluding Comments Reasonably competent long-term global precip data sets are currently available • The greatest uncertainty is in cold-land conditions and early in the record There is a substantial effort at improving the end-to-end provision of such data • The utility of the long-term data sets rests on continued launches to replenish the global constellation of precip-relevant satellites • Errors at one step in processing usually come back to haunt you at a later step Substantial efforts are underway to examine the WEC • GRP, NEWS, and additional efforts • Involvement of data producers is key to getting the best results; a startling “discovery” for anyone else is frequently a well-known “feature” to the data producer What more does GEO need to be doing? • Improve interaction with additional groups • Advocate for the necessary resources (satellites, archive reanalysis activities, etc.) GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

17. Extra Slides GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

18. Interactions with WGNE and GEO IPWG’s validation work is focused through the Program for the Evaluation of High Resolution Precipitation Products (PEHRPP) • Includes long-term regional-scale efforts in Australia, Japan, South America, the U.S., Western Europe • WGNE invited to submit numerical model estimates for evaluation in PEHRPP and agreed • Contributing Centers to date are ECMWF, JMA, Meto-France, NCEP, NRL; GMAO and BOM are expected • Data are being released or not according to each Center’s policy IPWG is providing leadership for the GEO precip area • CGMS recommended the IPWG Co-Chairs for this role • Co-Chair George Huffman is the “point of contact” for WA-08-01d • A first task plan was submitted • Former Co-Chair Chris Kidd will represent IPWG at the GEO Water Cycle Integration workshop 21 November 2009, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

19. Acronyms 1DD One-Degree Daily precip product AWCI Asian Water Cycle Initiative BOM Bureau of Meteorology, Austraiia CEOS Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System CGMS Coordinating Group on Meteorological Satellites CMORPH Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing algorithm DMSP Defense Meteorogical Satellite Program ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forcasting FEWSNet Famine Early Warning System Network GACP GEWEX Aerosol Climatology Project GEO Global Earth Observations GEWEX Global Energy and Water Experiment GMAO Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GOES-R Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPM Global Precipitation Measurement mission GPROF Goddard Profiling algorithm GRP GEWEX Radiation Panel GSMaP Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation HOAPS Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite data set H-SAF Hydrology Satellite Application Facility IPWG International Precipitation Working Group IFNet International Flood Network ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project JMA Japan Meteorological Agency MSG Meteorological Satellite (METEOSAT) Second Generation MW/IR Microwave-Calibrated Infrared precip product NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction NEWS NASA Energy and Water Studies NRL Naval Research Laboratory GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy

20. Acronyms PEHRPP Program for the Evaluation of High Resolution Precipitation Products PERSIANN Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network PMM Precipitation Measurement Missions SERVIR Sistema Regional de Visualización y Monitoreo SMAP Soil Moisture Active & Passive Satelite SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SRB Surface Radiation Budget SRF surface TMPA TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis TOA top of the atmosphere TOVS Television-Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission WEC water and energy cycle WGNE Working Group on Numerical Experimentation XCAL Cross-Calibration working group GEO Water Cycle Integration Workshop, Frascati, Italy