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Viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis. Hepatitis - any infection that results in inflammation of the liver Ten viruses cause hepatitis 2 herpesviruses (CMV and EBV) 8 hepatotropic viruses. 5 hepatotropic viruses are relatively well-characterized. Hepatitis A. infectious hepatitis HAV icosahedral, naked virus

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Viral hepatitis

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  1. Viral hepatitis • Hepatitis - any infection that results in inflammation of the liver • Ten viruses cause hepatitis • 2 herpesviruses (CMV and EBV) • 8 hepatotropic viruses

  2. 5 hepatotropic viruses are relatively well-characterized

  3. Hepatitis A • infectious hepatitis • HAV • icosahedral, naked virus • positive strand linear RNA • spread by fecal-oral contamination of food, drink, or shellfish

  4. Hepatitis A… • clinical manifestations • usually mild intestinal infection • anorexia, general malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, and chills • occasionally viremia occurs leading to liver infection • jaundice • treatment, prevention, and control • immunodiagnostic tests for HAV antibodies • simple hygienic measures, sanitary disposal of excreta, and killed HAV vaccine

  5. Hepatitis B • 3 distinct particles • 22 nm particle • Variable tubular/filamentous particle • 42 nm Dane particle (infective form of virus) • treatment, prevention, and control • passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure • excluding contact with contaminated materials • vaccination of high-risk groups

  6. also spread from mother to fetus, by fecal-oral route, and through organ transplants • treatment, prevention, and control • ELISA test for antibodies • IFN-a 2b or IFN- a 2a

  7. hepatitis D virus (HDV) first called Delta agent • Depends on hepatitis b virus to replicate (provides envelope protein) • treatment, prevention, and control • serological tests for anti-HDV antibodies • no satisfactory treatment

  8. Hepatitis E • spread in contaminated drinking water

  9. Hepatitis F virus (HFV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), and transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) • newly discovered hepatides; little known about them • hepatitis F – fulminant, posttransfusion hepatitis • hepatitis G – syncytial, giant-cell hepatitis

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