Behaviorist and Humanist Theories

1. Behaviorist and Humanist Theories Unit 5 Lesson 4

2. Objectives • Review psychoanalytic theories. • Compare and contrast behaviorist and humanist theories of personality development. • Identify leading Trait theories.

3. Warm Up • If Freud said that pleasure drives personality formation, what did the others say drives it? • Jung – Collective unconscious (archetypes) • Adler – Inferiority • Erikson – Socialization • Horney – Security/Anxiety

4. A Survey… • Give yourself one point for each of the following A responses: • 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13 • Give yourself one point for each of the following B responses: • 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15 • If your A score is higher than 5, you agree more with the behaviorist view of personality. • If you B score is higher than 5, you agree more with the humanist view. • Statement 10 can be interpreted as either view.

5. Behaviorist / Social-Cognitive Models • B.F. Skinner • Response Tendencies - personality results from person’s history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors • Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of behavior • Albert Bandura • Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped through learning • Observational Learning – learn by watching, including vicarious reinforcement and punishment • Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success • Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment

6. Humanistic Theories • Alternative to negative, focus on positive • Born with positive drive to grow & improve (inner-directedness). • Strive for self-determination and self-actualization. • Self-concept reflects perception of who we are and what we’re like.

7. Humanistic Theories • Abraham Maslow • Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full potential once they have satisfied basic needs. • Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of self, openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships w/out dependency, sense of humor,

8. Humanistic Theories • Carl Rogers • Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves • Real vs Ideal Self • Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality • Congruence – fairly accurate match • To become fully functioning person we need to experience • Unconditional Positive Regard - attitude of total acceptance toward another, loved & worthy no matter what • Conditions of worth – requirements for earning positive regard (love) from others

9. Rogers Activity • Write down three traits or characteristics that best describe you. • Find three other people and ask them what 3 words they would use to describe you.

10. Think-Pair-Share • In your notes, won’t be collected so be honest! • Who is your most significant other at this time? • Do you have UPR for this person? Explain. • Does this person have UPR for you? Explain. • Are there conditions of worth in your relationship? If so, what are they?

11. Check Point • How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives of personality differ? • Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in dvpt of personality • Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories emphasize impact of learning and cognition on dvpt. • Humanists emphasize rationality and natural desire to be all we can be

12. Trait Theories • Basic Assumptions • Each person has unique pattern of stable, long lasting traits (internal characteristics). • Gordon Allport • 4500 personality traits, or “dispositions” • Central traits & Cardinal traits • Raymond Cattell “16PF” • Factor Analysis to reduce Allport’s traits to 16 “clusters” • Degree to which we possess trait forms unique personality profile • Root of all human behavior • Hans Eysenck • Hierarchy of traits • Introversion-Extroversion, Emotional Stability, Psychoticism

13. “Big Five” Theory • Openness • Unusual, original thought • Conscientiousness • Efficient, ethical, reliable • Extroversion • Assertive, social, energetic • Agreeableness • Considerate, trustworthy, warm • Neuroticism • Anxious, worrisome, vulnerable

14. Activity: Personality & temperament • Go to fuspsych.wikispaces.com • Select personality • Open personality & temperament p.pt

15. Please Understand Me • Keirsey Temperament Sorter II • Directions: • Check A or B based on your gut instinct. Do not overanalyze the question, there is no right or wrong answer. • Add down, totaling your A answers per column as well as your B answers. • For boxes 3-8 you will need to transfer and add your A and B answers. • Circle the letter with the greater number of answers. If you are tied, put a large X.

16. E = Extroverted S = Sensory T = Thinking J = Judging I = Introverted N = Intuitive F = Feeling P = Perceiving Jung’s Psychological Types What the Letters Mean

17. What the Letters Mean • E / I : What is your source of energy? • From Others • Extraverted • Expressive • From Self • Introverted • Reserved • Ambivert 75% Extra, 25% Intro

18. What the Letters Mean • S / N : How do you gather info and see the world? • Grounded in here and now, practical, facts • Sensory • Observant • Future oriented, metaphor, innovative, imaginative • Intuitive • Introspective 75% Sen, 25% Int

19. What the Letters Mean • T / F : How do you make decisions? • With your head, impersonal & objective • Thinking • Tough-minded • With your heart, personal & value based • Feeling • Friendly 50% - 50%

20. What the Letters Mean • J / P : How do you go about daily life? • Prefer closure and settlement • Judging • Scheduling • Prefer open-ended, fluid options • Perceiving • Probing 50% - 50%

21. Closure • Go to Keirsey.com and find your 4 letter combo or “personality type”. • List some famous examples. • Describe how it does or does not relate to you. • What do you think about all of this personality “stuff”?