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Culture

Culture. Joshua Phelps February 28 th 2005. Lecture Outline. Introduction to Culture Culture and Social Psychology Social Psychological Concepts and Variations across Cultures Acculturation My Research Conclusion. Exam Question.

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Culture

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  1. Culture Joshua Phelps February 28th 2005

  2. Lecture Outline • Introduction to Culture • Culture and Social Psychology • Social Psychological Concepts and Variations across Cultures • Acculturation • My Research • Conclusion

  3. Exam Question • Sammenlign individualistiske og kollektivistiske kulturer med utgangspunkt i ulike sosialpsykologiske fenomener.

  4. What is Culture? • The shared way of life of a group of people, including their artifacts (such as social institutions and technology) and their symbols (such as communications and myths) (Berry et al., 2002).

  5. Norwegian Culture

  6. Globalization and Norwegian Culture

  7. Culture and Psychology • Questions (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005) • Are Western psychological theories valid in other countries? • Are there psychological constructs that are culture specific? • How can we evolve a psychology with universal relevance? • Types of Psychologists dealing with Culture • Cross-Cultural • Cultural • Intercultural

  8. Universal vs. Culture-Specific Behavior • Etic-emic distinction • Etic Approach (Universal Constructs) • Emic Approach (Culture Specific)

  9. Universals • Berry et al. (2002): Positions, roles, sanctions, norms • Aberle (1950): Prerequisites of Society

  10. Universals • Fiske (1993): Relational Theory • Communal Sharing • Authority Ranking • Equality Matching • Market Pricing

  11. Cultural Variations in Behavior • Norms • Greetings • Eating Habits • Dress • Amae: Japanese passive love • Emic Construct

  12. Culture and Social Psychology • History of Neglect • Culture Bound • Culture Blind

  13. Culture and Social Psychology • The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology (Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998) • Culture Essential for Survival • Psychological Processes Linked and Bound to Culture • Matrix Figure

  14. Values • Hofstede (1980) • Power Distance-Egalitarianism • Uncertainty Avoidance • Masculinity-Feminity • Individualism/Collectivism • Schwartz (1992 & 1997) • Openness to Change vs. Conservatism • Self-Enhancement vs. Self-Transcendence

  15. Individualism/Collectivism • Individualism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize standing out as an individual over fitting in as a group member • Collectivism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize group loyalty, commitment and conformity, and belonging and fitting-in to groups over standing out as an isolated individual

  16. Break Exercise • Hvem er jeg? • 5 sentences to describe yourself

  17. Hvem er jeg? • Western Independent Self • I am optimistic. • Interdependent Self • I am Josh’s friend. • I play football on weekends

  18. Cultural variations in social psychological principles • The Self • Markus and Kitayama (1991): Independent vs. Interdependent Self • Figure • Evaluation and Self Esteem • Attribution

  19. Cultural variations in social psychological principles • Conformity • Prosocial Behavior • Cognitive Dissonance

  20. What Happens when Cultures Meet? • Intercultural Contact • Acculturation • Changes in a cultural group or individual as a result of contact with another cultural group (Berry et al., 2002)

  21. Acculturation Strategies • Individual Strategies • Assimilation, Integration, Marginalization, Separation • Societal Strategies • Melting Pot, Multiculturalism, Marginalization, Exclusion • Figure

  22. Other Issues and Intercultural Contact • Culture Change and Cultural Diversity • Intercultural Conflict • Identity, Identity Confusion, and Identity Threat • Intergroup Behavior • Stereotypes and Prejudice • Discrimination

  23. Video • Bend it Like Beckham

  24. My Research Involvements • Master’s Dissertation: Resistance to Persuasion: Principle of Social Proof • Attitudes toward Illegal Immigrants • Ideology and Language in the Public Discourse • Acculturation Strategies among Pakistani immigrants

  25. Conclusion • Culture • Interest in Social Psychology • Feedback

  26. Questions • joshph@psykologi.uio.no • For Exam or Future

  27. Sources • Hogg & Vaughan (2005). Social Psychology • Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasan (2002). Cross-Cultural Psychology. Research and Applications. • Fiske et al. (1998). The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology

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